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FIELDIANA
Botany

Published by Field Museum of Natural History

VOLUME 33

FIRST SUPPLEMENT TO THE

ORCHIDS OF PERU

CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH

DECEMBER 30, 1970

BIOLOGY LI8RAK
1Q71 101BIM

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

A Continuation of the
BOTANICAL SERIES

of
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 33

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CHICAGO, U. S. A.

FIRST SUPPLEMENT TO THE

ORCHIDS OF PERU

FIELDIANA
Botany

Published by Field Museum of Natural History

VOLUME 33

FIRST SUPPLEMENT TO THE

ORCHIDS OF PERU

CHARLES SCHWEINFURTH

Research Fellow, Ames Orchid Herbarium
Botanical Museum of Harvard University

DECEMBER 30, 1970

PUBLICATION 1116

Charles Schweinfurth, gentleman, scholar, lifelong student of the Orchida-
ceae, died at his home in Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts on November 16, 1970,
only a few days after revising the final proofs of this paper. L. Wins.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-10546

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS

FE>

First Supplement to the Orchids of Peru

During the interval since the appearance of the last part of "The
Orchids of Peru" in 1961, a substantial amount of data relating to
the orchid flora of that country has accumulated, and, due to the
numerous, extensive, and continuing collections that are now going
on, it promises to be an unending process. Therefore, it seems ad-
visable to publish occasional additional notes when a substantial
mass of data becomes available, thus forming a series of supplements
to the original compilation. The present article is the first of this
series.

These supplements consist of various items. Of major importance
are the descriptions of species which are either new to that country
or new to science, changes of generic concept, reductions of described
taxa particularly those resulting from the monographic studies of
the genus Stelis by Dr. Leslie A. Garay, Curator of the Oakes Ames
Orchid Herbarium of Harvard University and finally many altera-
tions inspired by the intensive work on Venezuela made by Dunster-
ville and Garay in their monumental production, Venezuelan Orchids
Illustrated. Many amplifications of previously described species, es-
pecially extensions of range as shown by recent collections have been
omitted, owing to the present high cost of publication.

Every species, not heretofore recorded from Peru in "The Or-
chids of Peru," is described in some detail, except whenever synony-
mous species have been described in that publication.

We are especially indebted to the exceedingly large collections
made by Paul C. Hutchison associated with E. B. Bennett and J. K.
Wright, by Dr. Ram6n Ferreyra of Lima, by Dr. Ce"sar Vargas of
Cuzco, and by Drs. L6pez and Sagastegui of Trujillo.

Habenaria pauciflora (Lindl.) Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 10. 1854.=
H. trifida HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. PI. 1: 330. 1816.

Examination of the type of the Colombian Habenaria trifida
shows that it is identical with the widespread species commonly
known as H. pauciflora Reichb. f.

2 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Chloraea peruviana Kranzl., Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 528. 1906.=
C. undulata Raimondi ex Colunga, Text Book. Bot. 2: 187. 1878.

I am indebted to Dr. R. Aspiazu of Lima, Peru, for calling this
matter to my attention.

Chloraea undulata Raimondi ex Colunga Text Book. Bot. 2:
187.1878. Anal. delaDir.de Fomento No. 6: 49. 1906. C. peruvi-
ana Kranzl., Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 528. 1906.

Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames Orchid. 7: 45, pi. 110.
1922. Pogonia macrophylla Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 1:
335. 1858.

Plant coarse, medium-sized to large, terrestrial, with a creeping, rooting rhi-
zome. Leaves several, distant, arising from a tubular, sheathing petiole, cordate-
ovate to ovate-oblong (or rarely oblong-lanceolate), acute or short-acuminate,
rounded to subcordate below, about 2-10 cm. long, up to 4.5 cm. wide. Raceme
(rarely branching), short to rather elongate, loosely 2- to many-flowered. Floral
bracts conspicuous, ovate, clasping. Dorsal sepal incurved, cucullate, linear to
narrowly oblanceolate, acute, about 2 cm. long. Lateral sepals similar but a little
shorter, falcate-recurved. Petals similar to the sepals but slightly shorter, obliquely
linear or elliptic-linear, more membranaceous than the sepals. Lip spatulate with
a narrow channelled claw, 3-lobed above the middle, with 3 indistinct longitudinal
keels, about 1.3 cm. long; lateral lobes short, round-ovate; mid-lobe subrotund
with crisped margins.

Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Hda. Potrero, Sapan-Sachayocc,
2,200 meters, on forest humus, Vargas 2534.. San Martin: Habitat
not recorded; roots large and thick, tomentose, Moore 860. Also
Central America, the West Indies, and northern South America.

Epistephium monanthum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 53,
t. 92. 1836, is referable to Pogonia monantha (Poepp. & Endl.)
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 121. 1921.

An examination of the type reveals an absence of the dentate cup
beneath the perianth which is characteristic of Epistephium and it
must therefore be excluded from that genus.

Elleanthus casapensis (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 475.
1862 and E. cephalophorus (Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. I.e.: 476 are now
considered to be inseparable from the earlier E. capitalus (R. Br.)
Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 475. 1862.

Elleanthus fractiflexus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 35. 1921.
E. tenellus L. Wms., Lilloa 6: 241. 1941.

Plant small, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stems caespitose and densely clustered,
very slender, entirely concealed by close, tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves distichous,
strict, linear, sessile, bilobed and mucronate at the apex, 3-6 cm. long. Inflores-

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 3

cences short, arcuate in age, loosely about 7-flowered with a strongly fractiflex
rachis, 2-3 cm. long. Floral bracts conspicuous, triangular-lanceolate, long-acu-
minate, much surpassing the flowers. Flowers very small, dark-hairy without.
Dorsal sepal ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, 2.5-4 mm. long.
Lateral sepals obliquely ovate or triangular-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, about as
long as the dorsal sepal but broader. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse or truncate at
the apex, about as long as the sepals. Lip about as long as the other segments,
transversely oval, obtusely 3-lobed in front.

Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Kosnipata to Santa Isabel, 1,300
m., epiphytic, flowers reddish, Vargas 6475. Also Ecuador (type of
E. fractiflexus) and Colombia (type of E. tenellus) .

Elleanthus tenellus L. Wms., Lilloa 6: 241. 1941. =E. fractiflexus
Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 35. 1921.

Sobralia ciliata (Presl) C. Schweinf. comb. nov. Bletia ciliata
Presl Rel. Haenk. 1, Livr. 2: 97. 1827.

The concept described as Bletia ciliata, as shown by a study of
typical material, proves to represent a true Sobralia, and thus neces-
sitates the above transfer.

Plant stout, simple (lower portion missing). Stem entirely concealed by striate
leaf-sheaths. Leaves lanceolate, strongly acuminate, plicate, coriaceous, about
15 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Racemes axillary (in the middle of the stem) and
terminal, 1 to 3, shorter than the leaf, erect-spreading. Flowers rather loose, erect-
spreading, purple, about 2.5 cm. long. Sepals oblanceolate, acute. Petals oblong-
spatulate, slightly broader than the sepals. Lip simple, obovate or oblong-obovate,
excised in front, traversed by 5 to 7 low verrucose keels, with the anterior margins
ciliate-fimbriate.

Huanuco (Huanocco), on mountains, Presl s.n. (type of Bletia
ciliata). Puno: Prov. of Sandia, Limbani to Chamacani, 2,500 m.,
on boulders or cliffs, 1.5 m. high, Vargas 14933. Also Venezuela.

Sobralia sessilis Lindl., Bot. Reg. 27: Misc. 3, no. 11. 1841;
Lindl., Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4570. 1851.

Plant tall, up to 6 dm. high, terrestrial. Stems clustered, mostly concealed by
long, close, tubular, dark-hirsute sheaths. Leaves several to numerous, distichous,
remote, oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate, sessile, plicate, up to 17.5
cm. long and 4.5 cm. wide, the uppermost leaf much smaller. Flowers solitary,
large, white or deep purple or rosy with a darker lip, the pedicel clasped by a pair
of narrow, imbricating spathes. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, acute, about 4.4
cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, but somewhat larger through-
out. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but sometimes markedly wider than either
sepal. Lip slightly shorter than the sepals, yellowish through the lower half, obo-
vate or obovate-rhomboid, lightly retuse, with 2 small white lamellae at base.
Column slender, about 2.5 cm. long with a pair of incurved teeth at the slightly
dilated apex.

4 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Loreto: Habitat not cited, plant up to 8 ft. high, Moore s.n. Also
British Guiana (type), Venezuela, Colombia, and Brazil.

Stenoptera parviflora (C. Schweinf.) C. Schweinf. stat. nov.
Stenoptera pilifera (HBK.) C. Schweinf. var. parviflora C. Schweinf.,
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 222. 1941.

It appears that this taxon is sufficiently distinct to warrant spe-
cific rank.

La Libertad: Prov. of Trujillo, 20 km. above Samne on road to
Huamachuco, at the crossing of Rio Mocha, 14 km. west of Agall-
pampa, 2,510 m., leafless terrestrial, Hutchison & Wright 6128. -
Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba, 7 km. above Huancabamba, on road
to Canchaque, 2,450 m., at the base of Borzicactus neo-Roezlii Ritter,
flowers white, Hutchison & Wright 6625.

Stenoptera pilifera (HBK.) C. Schweinf. var. parviflora C.
Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 9: 222. 1941. = S. parvi-
flora C. Schweinf.

Prescottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. 1840.
Cranichis oligantha Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 120. 1788. Prescottia
tennis Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 454. 1840.

Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillawata, Paso del Aguila, 2,700-
2,900 m., in humus, Vargas 16808. Plant up to 4 dm. tall. Leaves
2 to rarely 6 cm. long. Sepals up to 2 mm. long. A widespread spe-
cies extending from Florida (U.S.A.) and the West Indies (Jamaica,
type of Cranichis oligantha) through Middle and Central America
and South America to Argentina.

Cranichis diphylla Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 120. 1788.

Plant slender, up to 4.8 dm. tall. Leaves basal, 1-2, petioled; lamina ovate,
cordate, acute or acuminate, 2 to rarely 9 cm. long in the middle and 3.7 cm. wide;
petiole 1-11 cm. long. Spike rather densely several- to many-flowered, up to
7 cm. long. Flowers very small, commonly greenish white, glabrous. Dorsal
sepal oblong-elliptic, 2.5-4 mm. long. Lateral sepals narrowly and obliquely ovate,
somewhat broader. Petals oblanceolate-linear to subspatulate, obtuse. Lip ovate
to suborbicular, cucullate, acute or obtuse, slightly shorter than the sepals.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 18 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 3,100 m., sepals yellow-green,
petals white, Hutchison & Wright 3599. A widespread species ex-
tending from the West Indies (Jamaica, type), Middle and Central
America to Costa Rica and Colombia.

Cranichis oligantha Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 120. 1788. = Pres-
cottia oligantha (Sw.) Lindl.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 5

Cranichis pycnantha Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 62. 1920.
Ophrys parviflora Presl Rel. Haenk. 1, Livr. 2: 92. 1827.

An examination of the type of Ophrys parviflora, recently loaned
from Prague, shows that this concept is referable to the widely repre-
sented South American Cranichis pycnantha. The epithet parviflora
cannot be substituted, as it is preempted by the Argentine Cranichis
parviflora L. Wms. 1938.

Ponthieva montana Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. 155. 1845. = P.
pubescens (Presl) C. Schweinf. nom. nov. Ophrys pubescens Presl
Rel. Haenk. 1, Livr. 2: 91. 1927.

An examination of the type of Ophrys pubescens Presl, sent from
Prague, shows that it is referable to the genus Ponthieva as repre-
sented by P. montana Lindl. The epithet pubescens must therefore
displace the later adjective montana, and the above new combina-
tion is made.

Spiranthe Barrancae Esposto in Anal, de la Direcci6n de
Fomento, Lima, 1913, No. 6, p. 52, with plate.

"Radices crassiusculae ad 10 cm. longae via 12 mm. crassae. Polia rosulata
3-5 brevi petiolata oblonga acutiuscula cum petiolo 20 cm. longa, 3 cm. lata, laete
viridis glabra interdum, paulum asymetrica. Scapus cum inflorescentia ad 25-
30 cm. altus vaginulae ad 7 angustae acuminatae; spica 8-10 cm. longa laxi flora,
rachis necnon parscaulis infra ipsam tenuis et densite glanduloso-pilosa; bractae
lanceolate acuminataea 2-2.5 cm. longae 7-10 mm. latae. Sepalum dorsale cum
petalis conglutinatum foliolum tridentatum formans; sepala lateralia deflexa an-
guste lingulata apice brevi ter acuminata; labellum canaliculatum medium con-
tractum antice in lamina transversum oblonga retusiusculam dilatatum, baci
cordatum utrinque callo rotundato minuto praeditum toto margine praesertim
antce brebiter fimbriata. Gynostemium 2-3 floris equans, rostellum apice acuti-
usculum. Flores virides exceptum labellum, labellum luteum; sepalum dorsale
2 cm. longum, 5 mm. latum, sepala lateralia et sepala 2 cm. longa vix 2.5 mm.
latae, labellum ad 2 cm. longum, 8 mm. latum. Sepala, petala et ovarium densite
glandulose-pilosae. Labellum densite pilosum.

"Floret Augusto Peruvia; in Limae in rupibus aridis inter berbidis et Piti-
carniae ferruginosae, cerro del Agostino dicto et in montibus vallis torrena Rimac.

"In honorem illustri Peruviano Sebastiano Barranca, philologo insigni et in
Scientiis naturalibus universis praeclaro hanc spaciem dicemus.

The above is an exact transcription of the notes given to me at a
meeting of the South American Botanical Congress in Lima, Peru,
in 1958.

Although no copy of this publication is available in this country,
all of the evidence points to the conclusion that it represents what
was earlier described as S. Pavonii Reichb. f., Bonpl. 4: 211. 1856.

6 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Spiranthes cranichoides (Griseb.) Cogn., Urban Symb. Antill.
6: 338. 1909. Pelexia cranichoides Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 269. 1866.

Plant terrestrial, slender, up to 4.8 dm. tall. Leaves rosulate at the base of
the stem, up to 6, distinctly petioled; lamina elliptic-ovate, acute or acuminate,
cuneate below, often purplish beneath, 2-7 cm. long, up to 4 cm. wide; petiole
slender, up to 4 cm. long, dilated toward the base. Stem glabrous below, short-
pubescent above, provided with several remote, long, loose, scarious sheaths.
Spike loosely few- to many-flowered, up to 11 cm. long. Flowers small, horizon-
tal. Sepals greenish flushed with madder-purple. Dorsal sepal narrowly ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse to acute, about 4-5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely and
narrowly lanceolate, acute, a little longer than the dorsal sepal. Petals narrowly
oblanceolate, subobtuse to acute, about as long as the dorsal sepal. Lip elliptic-
ovate in outline, 3-lobed just above the middle, 5-6 mm. long, up to 3 mm. wide
near the middle, with a pair of small erect calli at base; lateral lobes short, obtuse-
angulate, clasping the column; mid-lobe broadly rhomboid to suborbicular-quad-
rate, subtruncate and often abruptly acute.

Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, Hda. Quillabamba at Sangari, 1,000 m.,
in damp ground, Vargas 17560. (This collection is the first record
of Spiranthes cranichoides from South America.) Heretofore it was
known only from southern Florida (U.S.A.), the West Indies (Cuba,
type of Pelexia cranichoides), and rarely from Central America.

Spiranthes homalogastra Reichb. f. & Warm., Otia Bot.
Hamb. Fasc. 2: 54. 1881.

Plant leafless, up to 2.5 dm. tall. Stem glabrous, provided with numerous
lanceolate, acuminate, scarious sheaths. Inflorescences loosely 4- to 6-flowered.
Flowers large, green, abruptly deflexed from the erect ovary. Dorsal sepal nar-
rowly oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 20 mm. long and 5 mm. wide. Lateral
sepals falcate-lanceolate, long-decurrent at base along the column-foot, slightly
longer and distinctly broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals strongly adnate to the
dorsal sepal and almost as long, obliquely and narrowly oblanceolate, acute. Lip
surpassing the sepals, about 30 mm. long, from a linear sagittate base rather
abruptly dilated into an oblong-pandurate lamina with the anterior portion ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse and crisped-undulate.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, on Cerro Tapur, about 40 km. south
of Bagua Grande, 1,150 m., in deep jungle on Rio Utcubamba, an
hour's jeep ride above Hacienda Misqui, in grass in full sun, Hutchi-
son 1^53. Brazil (type).

Spiranthes lanceolata (Aubl.) Le6n, Contrib. Ocas. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Col. De La Salle, No. 8 (Fl. Cuba) 358. 1946. Limodorum lan-
ceolatum Aubl. PI. Guian. 2: 821. 1775. Satyrium orchioides Sw.
Prodr. Descr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 118: 1788. Stenorrhynchus orchioides
L. C. Rich., Me"m. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris 4: 59. 1818. Spiranthes

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 7

orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich., Sagra Hist. Isl. Cub., Segunda Parte, Hist.
Nat. 11 (Fl. Cub. Fanerog. 2) 252. 1850.

This widespread and variable taxon has most commonly been
designated as Spiranthes or Stenorrhynchus orchioides. It has been
reported from Amazonas, in addition to the Peruvian localities re-
corded.

Spiranthes minutiflora Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 11. 1854. = S. Reich-
enbachiana Garay & Dunsterv. Venez. Orch. Illustr. 4: 284. t., 1966.

Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich. Sagra Hist. Isl. Cub. Segunda
Parte, Hist. Nat. 11 (Fl. Cub. Fanerog. 2) 252. 1850. - S. lanceolata
(Aubl.) L<on.

Spiranthes orthantha Kranzl., Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus. Wien. 27:
109. 1913. = Lankesterella orthantha (Kranzl.) Garay, Caldasia
8, no. 40:521. 1962.

Spiranthes plantaginea Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 468. 1840.
This concept, which was formerly treated as a synonym of S. elata
(Sw.) L. C. Rich., is now regarded as a distinct species.

Spiranthes Reichenbachiana Garay & Dunsterv. Venez.
Orch. Illus. 4: 284, t., 1966. Spiranthes minutiflora Reichb. f., Bonpl.
2: 11. 1854, not S. minutiflora A. Rich. & Gal., 1845.

This taxon, which has been treated as a synonym of the variable
S. elata (Sw.) L. C. Rich., is now regarded as a distinct species.

Eurystyles cotyledon Wawra, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 13: 233.
1863.

Plant small, about 4 cm. tall, epiphytic. Roots fascicled, fleshy, villous.
Leaves basal, rosulate, 5-10, ovate-elliptic, acute and apiculate, gradually nar-
rowed below into a short broad petiole, about 1.5-3.5 cm. long including the petiole,
up to 12 mm. wide. Peduncle about 2-4 cm. long, adorned with 1 foliaceous sheath,
densely villous, pendulous from a suberect base. Raceme capitate, densely 6- to
12-flowered (rarely 20-flowered). Dorsal sepal ligulate, obtuse, about 4-4.5 mm.
long. Lateral sepals larger, narrowly and obliquely lanceolate, bulbous-saccate at
base. Petals oblong-oblanceolate, strongly adnate to the dorsal sepal and nearly
as long. Lip ovate-oblong, lightly dilated in the middle or above, subtruncate in
front, sagittate at base, with a pair of prominent reflexed auricles, about 4.8 mm.
long and 3.4 mm. wide across the middle.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 10-15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,700-2,950 meters, epiphyte
in deep shade, flowers white with green spots on lip, Hutchison &
Bennett 4.676, 4.750. Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil (type).

8 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Lankesterella orthantha (Kranzl.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40:
521. 1962. Spiranthes orthantha Kranzl., Ann. Nat. Hist. Mus. Wien
27: 109. 1913. Lankesterella costaricensis Ames Sched. Orch. 4: 4.
1923.

Plant very small, epiphytic, about 11.5 cm. tall. Roots coarse, whitish. Leaves
basal, rosulate, up to 9, oblanceolate, acute, 1.2-3.5 cm. long, about 4-10 mm.
wide. Inflorescence more or less surpassing the leaves, with the peduncle very
densely villous. Raceme loosely 1- to 10-flowered, erect to arcuate or pendent.
Flowers pale green or white, campanulate, the sepals being long-pilose without.
Dorsal sepal linear-oblong, acute, 6-9 mm. long, 1.2-2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
slightly longer and wider than the dorsal sepal, triangular-linear, bulbous-concave
at base. Petals free, similar to the dorsal sepal, but shorter. Lip narrowly pan-
durate-oblong, broadly obtuse and apiculate, sagittate at base with a pair of re-
trorse auricles, about 9 mm. long and 3 mm. wide below and above (when the
involute anterior margins are expanded).

Lambayeque: Prov. of Chiclayo, Hacienda Taulis just below Pal-
mito, 2,700 m., epiphyte in shade, clinging to forest shrubs and tree
trunks, Hutchison & von Bismarck 61+16. Costa Rica (type of Lan-
kesterella costaricensis), Venezuela and Ecuador (type of Spiranthes
orthantha) .

Erythrodes major (Presl) Ames Orchidaceae 7: 72. 1922.
Cuzco: Prov. of Convention, Machu-Picchu, Chonord s.n.
Stelis acutissima Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 14: no. 108. 1858.=
S. purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140. 1805.

Stelis alba HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 363. 1816.
It is recorded only from Colombia.

Stelis apiculata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 11, no. 76. 1858. =S. pu-
silla HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 361. 1816.

Stelis aprica Lindl., Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836. S.
Herzogii Schltr., Fedde Repert. 12: 484. 1913.

Stelis argentata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 64, no. 78. 1842.
S. superbiens Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 8, no. 57. 1858. S. leucopogon
Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 95, t. 9, figs. I, 1-4. 1866. S. En-
dresii Reichb. f., Gard. Chron (1870) 1373.

Stelis ascensor C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15:
10, t. 5. 1951. =S. tenuicaulis Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 119.
1858.

Stelis atra Lindl. Orch. Linden. 3, no. 15. 1846. = S. Hallii Lindl.
var. atra (Lindl.) Garay & Schweinf. supra.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 9

Stelis aviceps Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 121. 1858. Stelis
polycarpa Schltr., Fedde Repert. 27: 46. 1929. Stelis connata C.
Schweinf., Fieldiana (Botany) 30, no. 1 (Orch. Peru) 179. 1958, not
Presl.

Stelis aviceps has been found to include S. polycarpa which has
already been described in my Peruvian Orchid Flora as well as S. con-
nata C. Schweinf., as interpreted by me in the above treatise.

Stelis bicallosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 63. 1921. =S. parvi-
flora (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 524. 1807.

Stelis biserrula Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 120. 1858. S. tri-
seta Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 17, no. 126. 1858.

Stelis boliviensis Rolfe, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Card. 4: 450. 1907.

Plant medium-sized, caespitose. Stems slender, up to 10 cm. long. Leaf ob-
long- or elliptic-lanceolate, distinctly petioled; lamina up to 7.6 cm. long and
2.1 cm. wide; petioles 12 mm. or more long. Inflorescences 1 or 2, slender, 7.6-
11.4 cm. long, more or less densely many-flowered. Sepals subequal, broadly ellip-
tic or elliptic-ovate, subobtuse, about 2-3 mm. long. Petals orbicular-reniform,
one-third as long as the sepals. Lip broadly ovate, concave, channelled through
the center, with a pair of lateral tubercles near the base.

Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Vilcabamba, 2,550 meters, epiphyte, Var-
gas 4.011. Prov. of Urubamba, "Huinahuaina," 2,550 m., Vargas
4127. Bolivia (type).

Stelis brevilabris Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 107. 1845.
S. inversa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 64. 1921.

Stelis breviracema C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 12, t. 6. 1951. = S. campanulifera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3,
no. 15. 1858.

Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillawata, Perolnayocc, 2,600
meters, epiphyte, Vargas 16984-

Stelis campanulifera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 15. 1858.
S. breviracema C. Schweinf.

Stelis connata Presl Rel. Haenk. 1: Livr. 2: 103. 1827. = S. pur-
purea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140. 1805.

Stelis connata C. Schweinf., Fieldiana (Botany) 30, no. 1 (Orch.
Peru) 179. 1958, not Presl. = S. aviceps Lindl.

Stelis contorta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Syn. PI. 2: 524. 1807. = Re-
strepia sp.

10 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Stelis cupuligera Reichb. f. & Warsc., Bon pi. 2: 114. 1854.
S. densiflora Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 118. 1858.

Stelis curvicarina C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 14, t. 7. 1951. =S. tenuicaulis Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16: no.
119. 1858.

Stelis densiflora Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 118. 1858.=
S. cupuligera Reichb. f. & Warsc.

Stelis discolor Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855. = S. Jamesonii
Lindl., Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 11. 1834 var. parviflora Garay, Canad.
Journ. Bot. 34: 352, fig. 1, B. 1956.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 14-15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., flowers purple,
Hutchison & Bennett 4666, 4700.

Stelis dispar C. Schweinf., Fieldiana, Botany 28, no. 1: 177, fig.
30. 1951. = S. Hallii Lindl., Hook Journ. Bot. 1: 12. 1834.

Stelis elongata HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 363. 1816. S. lobata
Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 241. 1855. S. melicoides Schltr. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9: 66. 1921.

Stelis Endresii Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. (1870) 1373. = S. argen-
tata Lindl.

Stelis eublepharis Reichb. f. var. glabriflora C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 3. 1953. =S. loxensis Lindl., Benth. PI.
Hartw. 149. 1844. Also Ecuador (type of S. loxensis).

Stelis flexa Schltr., Fedde Repert. 27: 41. 1929.

Plant slender, with a creeping rhizome, about 16 cm. high. Stems approxi-
mate to more or less distant, concealed by 2 or 3 close, evanescent, tubular sheaths,
up to 7 cm. long. Leaf indistinctly petioled, linear-oblanceolate, acute, gradually
narrowed below, up to 11 cm. long and 9 mm. wide. Inflorescences solitary, sub-
equaling or slightly surpassing the leaf, diffuse, many-flowered and densely flow-
ered above, up to 14 cm. long. Flowers very small. Sepals subequal, ovate,
subacute, 3-nerved, about 1.7 mm. long. Petals much smaller, cuneate-ob ovate,
much thickened above with a broadly rounded apex. Lip about equaling the
petals, ovate from a short abrupt claw, with a transverse bilobed thickening below.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, middle eastern slopes of Calla
Calla, near Kms. 415-418 of Leimebamba-Balsas road, 2,900-
3,150 m., low epiphyte in moist ravine, flowers cream-color with a
faint maroon flush, Wurdack 1747. Bolivia (type).

Stelis floribunda HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 362. 1816. = S. ob-
longa (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 139. 1805.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 11

Stelis Gonzalesiana C. Schweinf., Rev. Acad. Colomb., Cie"nc.
Exact. Fisic. y Nat. 5, no. 19: 349. 1943. =S. hylophila Reichb. f.,
Bonpl. 3:241. 1855.

Stelis gracilispica C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 17, t. 9. 1951. = S. striolata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 4, no. 26.
1858.

Stelis Hallii Lindl., Hook. Journ. Bot. 1: 12. 1834. S. dispar
C. Schweinf., Fieldiana, Botany 28, no. 1: 177, fig. 30. 1951.

Stelis Hallii Lindl. var. atra (Lindl.) Garay & Schweinf. comb,
nov. S. atra Lindl. Orch. Linden. 3, no. 15. 1846.

Stelis Herzogii Schltr., Fedde Repert. 12: 484. 1913. = S. aprica
Lindl., Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836.

Stelis insignis Ames Sched. Orch. 1: 5. 1922. = S. oblanga (Ruiz
& Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 139. 1805.

Stelis inversa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 64. 1921. -S. brevi-
labris Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 107. 1845.

Stelis Jamesonii Lindl. var. parviflora Garay, Canad. Journ.
Bot. 34: 352, fig. 5, B. 1956. S. nephropetala Schtr. Fedde Repert.
Beih. 9:66. 1921.

Stelis lamellata Lindl., Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 353. 1836.

Plant small to medium-sized, up to about 24 cm. high from an ascending rhi-
zome. Stems short, approximate, about 4-5 cm. long, concealed by 2 or 3 loose,
tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly elliptic to linear-oblanceolate,
acute, gradually narrowed below, up to 4.5 cm. long and 8 mm. wide; petiole in-
distinct, about 1-2 cm. long. Inflorescence much surpassing the leaf, commonly
solitary, subdensely many-flowered, rather lax, 14-19 cm. long. Flowers small,
usually secund. Sepals subequal, ovate, obtuse to acute, about 2-3.5 mm. long,
3-nerved. Petals much smaller, cuneate-obovate, fleshy-thickened at the broadly
rounded apex. Lip about equaling the petals, suborbicular-obovate, abruptly
acute in the center of the broad apex, cuneate below, with a prominent fleshy thick-
ening through the center of the lower half.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 7.5 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,535 m., flowers pale yellow,
Hutchison & Bennett 1+699. Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Lares-Terba-
buenayocc, Vargas 1194.9. (This collection differs from the usual
form in having more remote stems and purple flowers.) Huanuco:
Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, 2,850 m., epiphyte, flowers yellow,
Asplund 13130.

12 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Stelis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4: 139. 1805.

Plant medium-sized to large, terrestrial or epiphytic. Stems often in dense
clumps from an ascending rhizome, up to 12.7 cm. long, provided with 2 or 3
tubular sheaths. Leaf shortly petioled; lamina elliptic-oblong, obtuse, narrowed
below, up to 10 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, rather densely
many-flowered, up to 18 cm. long. Flowers green to maroon-brown. Dorsal sepal
broadly ovate, subacute, 3- to 5-nerved, about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals mark-
edly smaller. Petals one-third as long as the sepals, transversely round-oval. Lip
subequaling the petals, subquadrate-obovate, with a broad subtruncate apex.

This species proves to be very different from Pleurothallis lanceo-
lata Lindl. (as was erroneously supposed). Also Venezuela and
Colombia.

Stelis lentiginosa Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 8, no. 58. 1858.

Plant small, epiphytic, with a creeping rhizome. Stems abbreviated, 1.5-
2.5 cm. distant. Leaf small, long-petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, subacute, about
2 cm. long and 5 mm. wide; petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflorescence solitary, much
surpassing the leaf, about 10 cm. long, terminating in a loose, 8- to 10-flowered
raceme. Flowers small, purple, campanulate. Sepals subequal, 3-nerved, about
4 mm. long. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute. Lateral sepals ovate. Petals one-
third as large as the sepals, rhombic-obovate, with a broad, thickened apex. Lip
somewhat larger than the petals, obovate-oblong, obtuse, fleshy-thickened at
the base.

This description made chiefly from the collection cited below.

Lambayeque: Prov. of Chiclayo, Hacienda Taulis, Rio La Quinua
above La Playa, 2,900 m., flowers dull yellow with purplish cast,
Hutchison & von Bismarck 6519.

Stelis leucopogon Reichb. f . Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 95, t. 9, figs. I,
1-4. 1866. = S. argentata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 64, no. 78.
1842.

Stelis Lindenii C. Schweinf., Fieldiana, Botany, 30, no. 1, 201.
1958 (not Lindl.). = S. Purdiei Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 5, no.31.1858.

Stelis Lindleyana Cogn. var. carnosior C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 10: 120. 1942. =S. Lindleyana Cogn., Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4:346. 1896.

Stelis maxima Lindl., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 106. 1845.

Plant large, up to 43 cm. high. Stem up to 13 cm. long, provided with 2 or 3
loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong-elliptic, obtuse to subacute,
up to 12.5 cm. long and 3.5 cm. wide; petiole short, 9 mm. or more long. Inflores-
cence much surpassing the leaf, up to 32 cm. long, subtended by a prominent
spathe about 3-3.5 cm. long, terminating in an elongate, subdensely many-flowered
raceme. Floral bracts conspicuous, spreading. Flowers relatively large, bilabiate,

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 13

purple. Dorsal sepal ovate, subacute, 1-1.2 cm. long, 7- to 9-nerved. Lateral
sepals slightly smaller, obliquely ovate, connate to the middle. Petals many times
smaller than the sepals, transversely oval, thickened near the margins. Lip sub-
equaling the petals, transversely rhombic, subacute, with a prominent transverse,
fleshy ridge across the middle. This description was compiled from the type
specimen.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 5-7 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, in region of "San Miguel,"
2,400 m., rare, Hutchison & Bennett 4551.

Stelis melicoides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 66. 1921. = S.
elongata HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 363. 1816.

Stelis nanegalensis Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 8, no. 54. 1858.

Plant caespitose, medium-sized, up to 30 cm. tall. Stems 5-14 cm. long, with
2 or 3 loose tubular sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina elliptic to oblong-elliptic, ob-
tuse or subacute, 5.5-14 cm. long, rarely up to 4.5 cm. wide; petiole up to 2.8 cm.
long. Inflorescence solitary, usually more or less surpassing the leaf, loosely many-
flowered, lax to arcuate. Flowers rather large. Sepals subequal, 3- to 5-nerved.
Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, obtuse, up to about 6 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely and broadly ovate. Petals much smaller, remform, with the upper part
very fleshy and broadly rounded. Lip smaller than the petals, subquadrate, trun-
cate in front, with a fleshy transverse ridge through the middle.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 5 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,400 m., flowers pale yellow-
green, Hutchison & Bennett 4562. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco,
Carpish, about 2,750 m., epiphyte in thicket, flowers light olivaceous
yellow with darker petals, Asplund 12796. (In this collection the
rachis is mostly strongly fractiflex.) Ecuador (type).

Stelis nephropetala Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 66. 1921.=
S. Jamesonii Lindl. var. parviflora Garay, Canad. Journ. Bot. 34:
352. 1956.

Stelis oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 139. 1805. Hum-
boldtia oblonga Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1 : 236. 1798.
S. floribunda HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 362. 1816. S. insignis Ames
Sched. Orch. 1:5. 1922.

Stelis pardipes Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 96. 1866.
Stelis triseta Lindl. var. pardipes (Reichb. f.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 24. 1951.

Stelis phaeomelina Schltr., Fedde Repert. 27: 45. 1929. = S. Ot-
tonis Schltr. I.e.

14 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Stelis piestopus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 67. 1921. = S. tri-
cardium Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 14, no. 101. 1858.

Stelis polycarpa Schltr., Fedde Repert. 27: 46. 1929. = S. aviceps
Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 121. 1858.

Stelis Purdiei Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 5, no. 31. 1858. S. Lin-
denii C. Schweinf., Fieldiana, Bot. 30, no. 1: 201. 1958.

Stelis purpurascens A. Rich. & Gal., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3:
18. 1845. For description see S. thecoglossa Reichb. f. now regarded
as synonymous.

Stelis pusilla HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 361. 1816. S. apicu-
lata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 11, no. 76. 1858.

Plant small, with a more or less distinct ascending rhizome. Stems commonly
approximate, short, about 2-5 cm. long, mostly concealed by 2 or 3 tubular,
evanescent sheaths. Leaf ob lanceolate-linear to elliptic-oblanceolate, very grad-
ually narrowed below to a more or less distinct petiole, 2-5 cm. long, rarely up to
6.5 mm. wide. Inflorescences commonly 1 or 2, more or less surpassing the leaf,
many-flowered, commonly dense or subdense, up to 9 cm. long, erect to lax.
Flowers very small, usually light yellow. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate, acute,
3-nerved. Dorsal sepal about 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals slightly smaller. Petals
much smaller than the sepals, transversely oval, thickened along the rounded
margins. Lip about as large as the petals, obovate-subquadrate, abruptly acute
in the middle of the truncate apex, fleshy-thickened in the center.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., flowers dull white,
Hutchison & Bennett 4667; Same locality, 19 km. above Leime-
bamba, 3,100 m., flowers pale yellow-green, Hutchison & Wright
6941- Also Colombia and Ecuador (type).

Stelis recurvula Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 68. 1921. =S. hy-
lophila Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 241. 1855.

Stelis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140. 1806. = Pleuro-
thallis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40: 520. 1962,
not Pleurothallis lanceolata Lindl.

Stelis rhizomatosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 69. 1921.=
S. trichorrhachis Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 71. 1855.

Stelis simacoensis Schltr., Fedde Repert. 27: 47. 1929. = S. virens
Schltr., Fedde Repert. 12: 484. 1913.

Stelis superbiens Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 8, no. 57. 1858. =S. ar-
gentata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 64, no. 78. 1842.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 15

Stelis tenuicaulis Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 119. 1858.
S. ascensor C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 10,
t. 5. 1951. S. curvicarina C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 14, t. 7. 1951.

Stelis Tessmannii Mansf., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 10: 238.
1928. = S. nana Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 122. 1858.

Stelis thecoglossa Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch Centr.-Am. 93. 1866. =
S. purpurascens A. Rich. & Gal., Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3: 18. 1845.

Stelis tricardium Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 14, no. 101. 1858.
S. piestopus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 67. 1921.

Stelis trichorrhachis Reichb. f., Bon pi. 3: 71. 1855. S. rhizo-
maiosa Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 69. 1921.

Stelis triseta Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 17, no. 126. 1858. = S. biser-

Irula Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 16, no. 120. 1858.
Stelis triseta Lindl. var. pardipes (Reichb. f.) C. Schweinf., Bot.
Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 24. 1951. = S. pardipes Reichb. f.
Beitr. Orch. Centr.-Am. 96. 1866.

Stelis uninervia C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15:
25, t. 13. 1951. = S. macra Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 65. 1921.

Stelis virens Schltr., Fedde Repert. 12: 484. 1913. S. simacoen-
sis Schltr., Fedde Repert. 27: 47. 1929. For description of this
species, see S. simacoensis Schltr., now regarded as a synonym.

Stelis viridipurpurea Lindl. Fol. Orch. Stelis 3, no. 13. 1858. =
S. papaquerensis Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 822. 1849.

Stelis vulcani Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 1: 19, no. 73. 1878.

Plant medium-sized. Stems clustered, up to 10.5 cm. long, mostly enclosed
by 3 tubular sheaths of which the uppermost is longest and loose. Leaf petioled ;
lamina elliptic-oblong or rarely elliptic, obtuse, cuneate below, up to 10.5 cm. long
and 3.3 cm. wide; petiole channelled, about 2 cm. long. Inflorescences 1 or 2,
much surpassing the leaf, erect or arcuate, subdensely many-flowered, up to 23 cm.
long. Flowers small, bilabiate, greenish white or greenish yellow. Sepals 3-nerved.
Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, acute, up to 5.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely
elliptic-oblong, connate into a more or less bilobed lamina which is distinctly
shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals, transversely
rhombic-oval with the upper part fleshy-thickened. Lip nearly as large as the
petals, rhombic-ovate, obtuse or subacute, subsimple to more or less distinctly
3-lobed, with a large bilobed, fleshy thickening across the middle.

16 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 18 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 3,100 m., in deep shade,
flowers cream-color, Hutchison & Wright 5600. Cuzco: "Pillahu-
ata," Cerro de Cusilluyoc, 3,000-3,300 m., epiphyte in thicket in
valley of paramo, Pennell 14118. Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Agua
Dulce, 1,900 m., on tree in low highland forest, Woytkowski 35477.
Also Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador (type).

Stelis Weberbaueri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 70. 1921.

Masdevallia caudata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 193. 1833. Wool-
ward, The Genus Masdevallia, pt. 3 (1892), t. 129.

Plant medium-sized. Stems caespitose, slender, up to 6.5 cm. high. Leaf
oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, gradually narrowed to a slender elongate peti-
ole; lamina up to 10.5 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, acute; petiole about 5 cm. or less
long. Peduncle filiform, up to 15 cm. long. Flower large for the plant. Sepals
connate into a short cup below. Dorsal sepal (free portion) broadly elliptic-ovate,
abruptly contracted into a slender tail; lamina about 2 cm. or less long, and nearly
as wide, reddish yellow or white; tail yellow, about 8 cm. or less long. Lateral
sepals obliquely round-ovate, slightly smaller. Petals much smaller than the
sepals, oblong, abruptly contracted above in front, 3-toothed at the apex, provided
with a prominent tooth near the base in front, about 5-6 mm. long. Lip pandu-
rate-oblong, broadly obtuse, cuneate at base, about 5.2 mm. long and 2 mm. wide
below, with a pair of longitudinal keels.

Junin: Chanchamayo, 2,000 m., Steumpfle 1167-1. Also Colom-
bia (type) and Venezuela.

Masdevallia grandiflora C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 26, t. 14. 1951. -M. pumila Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen.
ac Sp. 2: 6, t. 108C. 1837 (poorly illustrated).

Masdevallia pumila Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 6,
t. 108C. 1837. M. grandiflora C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har-
vard Univ. 15:26, t. 14. 1951.

Masdevallia simula Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. n. ser. 3: 8. 1875;
Woolward, The Genus Masdevallia, pt. 1 (1890), t. 125.

Plant very small, up to 7 cm. high. Stems caespitose, abbreviated, up to
1.5 cm. long, concealed by 1 or more loose, tubular sheaths. Leaf linear to nar-
rowly oblanceolate-oblong, commonly curved, about 6 cm. long or less, obtuse with
a minutely tridenticulate apex, very fleshy. Inflorescence 1- to 3-flowered, much
shorter than the leaves. Flowers small but large for the plant, pale yellow or
greenish, transversely barred or spotted with crimson. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceo-
late, cucullate, acuminate to a blunt point, about 5-8.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely ovate, abruptly acuminate or shortly caudate, apparently a little shorter

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 17

than the dorsal sepal. Petals about one-third as long as the sepals, rhombic-
quadrate, obtuse or acute, with a prominent angle in front. Lip about as large as
the petals, from a slender claw abruptly dilated into a round-ovate lamina which
is 3-lobed at the base with a pair of small triangular lobules.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, at Kms. 327-329 on Rioja road,
between Pomacocha and Puente Ingenio, 2,160-2,210 m., abundant
on tree trunks in deep gorge near stream, leaves succulent with cen-
tral purple line above and purplish spotted on back, Hutchison &
Wright 3925, 6786. Also Central America, Colombia (type), Ecuador,
and Brazil.

Masdevallia Wurdackii C. Schweinfurth sp. nov.

Herba mediocris, cum flore magno. Caules abbreviati. Folium longe peti-
olatum; lamina anguste elliptico-obovata, obtusa, inferne sensim angustata.
Scapus erectus, uniflorus, folium subaequans. Sepalum dorsale obovato-oblongum,
valde cucullatum, in caudam perlongam extensum. Sepala lateralia minora,
oblique oblongo-lanceolata, in caudam similem extensa. Petala multo minora
oblique ligulata, apice late truncata, prope apicem angulata, in basi lobo triangu-
lari-ovato praedita. Labellum ad stipitem liberam articulatum, oblongo-oblance-
olatum, late obtusum, basi angusta cum callo V-formi ornata. Columna generis.

Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, with a very large flower. Stems abbreviated,
caespitose, about 1.9 cm. or less long. Leaf long-petioled; lamina narrowly ellip-
tic-obovate, 6.5-7.5 cm. long, obtuse with a minute apicule, gradually cuneate-
narrowed below; petiole slender, channelled, about 3.2 cm. long, reddish-purple.
Scape 1-flowered, slender, a little shorter or longer than the erect leaf, 10-12 cm.
long. Pedicel about 2 cm. long, clasped below by a tubular, acuminate, brownish
sheath. Flower very large, sepals cream-color densely speckled with purple-brown.
Dorsal sepal (lamina) obovate-oblong, strongly cucullate, about 3-4 cm. long and
1.2 cm. or more wide if forcibly expanded, more or less abruptly contracted into
a tail up to 8.3 cm. long. Lateral sepals somewhat smaller, obliquely oblong-
lanceolate, about 2.5-3 cm. long and 5.5-9 mm. wide, contracted into a tail up to
9.2 cm. long. Petals much smaller, obliquely ligulate, irregularly lobulate at the
truncate apex, abruptly contracted and angled just below the apex, provided with
a conspicuous ovate-triangular lobe at the base, about 6 mm. long. Lip attached
to a long free stipe, oblong-oblanceolate, broadly obtuse at the apex with a small
pyriform callus, about 8.5 mm. long, fleshy at the narrow rounded base with a
V-shaped callus.

This species seems to be allied to the Colombian Masdevallia
schizantha Kranzl. (in Notizbl. Bot. Gard. u. Mus. Berl. 8: 134. 1922),
but differs in having larger flowers with very dissimilar petals and lip.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, 2-4 km. west-southwest (245) of
Pomacocha, 2,200-2,400 m. alt., low epiphyte in montane high rain
forest, sepals cream-color speckled with purple-brown, petals white,
column speckled with purple-brown, Wurdack 859 (type in U. S.
Nat. Herb. 2403873).

18 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Lepanthes gargantua Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 150. 1856.

Plant large, stout, epiphytic. Stems erect, about 28 cm. or less high, entirely
concealed by numerous, close, tubular, usually subglabrous sheaths with a con-
spicuously spreading mouth. Leaf erect, shortly petioled; lamina broadly ovate
or elliptic-ovate, acuminate with a minutely tridenticulate apex, rounded or
broadly cuneate at the base, up to 19 cm. long and 8 cm. wide. Racemes 2 to 6,
more or less shorter than the leaf, densely several- to many-flowered above, up
to 7.5 cm. long. Flowers small, but large for the genus. Sepals connate at base.
Dorsal sepal broadly triangular-ovate, acute or apiculate, 3-nerved, about 6 mm.
long. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, abruptly acute or apiculate, connate into a
bilobed lamina which is a little broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller
than the sepals, transversely bilobed, the dorsal lobe being ovate-oblong and
rounded at the apex, and the anterior lobe narrower and obliquely lanceolate.
Lip smaller than the petals, 3-lobed with the lateral lobes oblong-peltate and cilio-
late and the mid-lobe minute, acute-angled.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 18 km.
above Leimebamba at Km. 410 on road to Balsas, 3,100 m., epiphyte
in open forest below road, Hutchison & Wright 5695. (The cauline
sheaths in this collection are hispidulous.) Ecuador (type).

Lepanthes Nummularia Reichb. f., Xen. Orch. 1: 142. 1856.

Plant very small. Primary stem long-creeping, hispid. Secondary stems
abbreviated, concealed by a loose tubular sheath. Leaf very shortly petioled;
lamina elliptic to oval, obtuse with a tridenticulate apex, broadly cuneate below,
about 6-8 mm. long, up to 6 mm. wide. Peduncle very short, 1-flowered. Flower
very small, yellow, membranaceous. Dorsal sepal round-ovate, obtuse to acute,
about 1.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into a subequal bilobed lamina.
Petals much smaller, obliquely oblong-lanceolate. Lip minute, low, transverse,
3-lobed.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, Montenegro-Chisiaco, "ceja de sel-
va," 500-700 m., epiphyte, flowers yellow, Sag&stegui 5935. Ecuador
(type).

Lepanthes papyrophylla Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 1: 151. 1856.

Plant caespitose, medium-sized. Stem slender, about 11 cm. or less tall, con-
cealed by many close, tubular, minutely velutinous sheaths with a spreading, hispid
mouth. Leaf very shortly petioled; lamina ovate, abruptly acuminate or caudate
with a tridenticulate apex (the middle tooth subulate and protruding), rounded
at the base, about 7 cm. long and 2-2.7 cm. wide. Inflorescences commonly soli-
tary, about half as long as the leaf, densely several- to many-flowered above.
Dorsal sepal triangular-lanceolate to triangular-ovate, acuminate or long-acumi-
nate, about 8.4 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, connate to the middle.
Petals transverse, bilobed with the dorsal lobe broadly ovate and rounded at the
apex and the anterior lobe smaller and lanceolate. Lip very small, bilobed with a
minute tooth in the deep sinus; lateral lobes dolabriform with thickened rounded
margins.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 19

Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Carpish, about 2,700 m., on cliff,
flowers pale yellow, Asplund 12762. Ecuador (type).

Pleurothallis acuminata (HBK.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 70,
no. 13. 1842. P. aurea Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 397. 1843.
Dendrobium acuminatum HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 357. 1816.

Pleurothallis agathophylla Reichb. f., Xen. Orch. 3: 25. 1881.

Plant small, with a long-creeping rhizome. Stems short, more or less flattened
especially above, up to 4 cm. long, distant, about 1-2.5 cm. apart. Leaf erect,
sessile, oval to ovate-elliptic, acute or obtuse at the minutely tridenticulate apex,
cartilaginous, up to 3 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide. Racemes 1 to 3, much shorter
than the leaf, about 1.5 cm. long, loosely 1- to 3-flowered. Flowers small, ringent,
bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ligulate, abruptly acute, 3-nerved. Lateral sepals con-
nate into an ovate-lanceolate, deeply bidentate lamina which is subequally long
with the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller, rhombic-oblanceolate, oblique, acute,
irregularly serrate above. Lip larger than the petals, triangular-ovate with a
cordate base, rounded-obtuse with a minutely serrulate apex. Column slender,
3-dentate above.

Loreto: Habitat not recorded, flowers maroon with cream-colored
throat, Moore 10050. Also Bolivia (type).

Pleurothallis arcuata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 34, no. 207.
1859.

Plant small to medium-sized. Secondary stems caespitose, 1-jointed above the
base, concealed by a long tubular, evanescent sheath, up to 6 cm. long. Leaf
longer than the stem, elliptic-oblanceolate, obtuse, long-narrowed below, 5.7-
11 cm. long, up to 2.8 cm. wide above. Inflorescences solitary or rarely 2, much
surpassing the erect leaf, up to 31 cm. tall, very loosely several- to many-flowered
above the middle; rachis of raceme strongly fractiflex, about 14.5 cm. or less long.
Flowers rather large, ringent. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, cucul-
late, carinate, up to 15 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, entirely connate up to the
apex. Petals much smaller than the sepals, obliquely ligulate-cuneate, 3-lobulate
at the broad apex, fleshy through the middle, about 3 mm. long. Lip about equal-
ing the petals, conspicuously clawed, arcuate, simple, ovate with a subcordate
base, obtuse, bilamellate, more or less conduplicate. Column about as long as the
petals, arcuate, lobed and toothed at the apex.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, hills south -southeast (150) of
Yambrasbamba, 2,100-2,400 m., occasional low epiphyte in moist
high forest, flowers pale yellow-green heavily spotted with brown,
Wurdack 1046. Brazil (type).

Pleurothallis aurea Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 397. 1843.
= P. acuminata (HBK.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 70, no. 13. 1842.

20 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Pleurothallis bracteosa C. Schweinfurth sp. nov.

Herba mediocris, caespitosa. Caules a basi leviter decumbenti erecti, vaginis
paucis tubulatis praediti. Folium erectum, oblanceolato-oblongum, obtusum, in
basim subpetiolatam, sensim angustatum. Inflorescentia unica, folio longior,
superne dense multiflora, in basi vagina inconspicua subtenta. Bracteae florales
comparate magnae, ovales, concavae. Flores parvi. Sepala uninervia, extus
valde carinata. Sepalum dorsale lanceolatum, obtusum. Sepala lateralia similia,
ovato-lanceolata, acuta, leviter obliqua. Petala quam sepala multo minora, ob-
longo-ligulata, truncato-obtusa. Labellum expansum ovato-subquadratum, sub-
sessile, basi truncatum, apice rotundatum, superne utrinque leviter incisum igitur
subtrilobatum. Columna brevis, crassa.

Plant medium-sized, caespitose. Roots fibrous, numerous, glabrous. Stems
erect from a gently decumbent base, unifoliate, up to 8 cm. high, provided with
three or four tubular sheaths which are very short and imbricating below and much
longer upward. Leaf erect, oblong-oblanceolate, gradually narrowed below into an
indistinct sulcate petiole, obtuse with a minutely retuse and apiculate apex, coria-
ceous, up to 11.6 cm. long and 1.4 cm. wide, marginate. Inflorescence solitary,
erect-ascending, exceeding the leaf, about 15 cm. long, many-flowered above; pe-
duncle slender, provided with three distant, short, tubular sheaths, about 3.5 cm.
long, subtended at the base by an inconspicuous membranaceous spathe about
9 mm. long; raceme about 11.7 cm. long, rather loose below and dense above with
relatively large oval, concave, scarious bracts which are up to 5 mm. long. Flowers
very small, membranaceous, more or less appressed, exceeding the bracts. Sepals
somewhat connate at the base, spreading, 1-nerved, dorsally carinate. Dorsal
sepal lanceolate, obtuse, about 3.7 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, with the upper mar-
gins cellular-ciliate. Lateral sepals similar, ovate-lanceolate, acute, slightly
oblique, about 3.8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide, with the upper margins sparingly
cellular-ciliate. Petals much smaller than the sepals, oblong-ligulate, truncate-
obtuse, 1-nerved, about 2 mm. long and 0.9 mm. wide. Lip longitudinally concave
and fleshy below, ovate-subquadrate when expanded, subsessile with a truncate
base, slightly indented on each side above, with a rounded terminal lobule which
is minutely erose and verrucose on the inner surface, acute at the very tip, about
2.5 mm. long and 2 mm. wide below when expanded. Column short and stout,
about 1.5 mm. high.

Pleurothallis bracteosa seems to be closely allied to the Colom-
bian P. stelidioides Schltr., but differs from that species in having
longer leaves, a stouter inflorescence, very dissimilar floral bracts,
1-nerved sepals and shorter petals.

Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, in ruins of Machu-Picchu, at 2,400 m.,
November 5, 1957, Paul C. Hutchison 1772. (Type in Herb. Oakes
Ames No. 090572.)

This plant, collected in living condition, was pressed Novem-
ber 28, 1960, and is cultivated at the University of California Botan-
ical Garden, No. 58. 140.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 21

Pleurothallis Buchtienii Schltr., Fedde Repert. Beih. 10: 66.
1922. Pleurothallis boliviano, Schltr., Fedde Repert. 10: 453. 1912,
not P. boliviana Reichb. f.

Plant large, slender, about 35 cm. high. Stems tall, about 30 cm. in length.
Leaf erect-spreading, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply cordate at
base, 12-15 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide below. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flow-
ered, fascicled, clasped by a conduplicate spathe nearly 2 cm. long. Flowers rather
large, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, subacute, cucullate, about 1.5 cm.
long. Lateral sepals connate into an oblong-lanceolate, minutely bidentate lamina
which is about equally long with the dorsal sepal but slightly narrower. Petals
linear, falcate, acute, distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip elliptic-ovate, sub-
acute, fleshy, about 1 cm. long. Column abbreviated.

Huanuco: Carpish, on Cordillera, 2,800-2,900 m., Humbert
30950. Bolivia (type).

Pleurothallis cardiocrepis Reichb. f., Xen. Orch. 3: 170. t. 299,
II, 6-8. 1900.

Plant medium-sized to tall, caespitose. Stems slender, 15-40 cm. long. Leaf
more or less spreading, ovate to oblong-ovate, more or less abruptly acuminate,
deeply cordate at the base, 8-13.7 cm. long, up to 5 cm. wide. Inflorescences ab-
breviated, fascicled, 1-flowered. Flowers small, greenish-yellow with brown stripes
to tan. Sepals bilabiate. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, about 7 mm. long.
Lateral sepals connate into an ovate lamina which is a little shorter and broader
than the dorsal sepal. Petals falcate-linear, acute, much shorter than the sepals,
with ciliolate margins. Lip broadly ovate to triangular-ovate, cordate at base,
obtuse with a dorsal mucro, about 3 mm. long, with minutely denticulate margins.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 14 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,850 m., Hutchison & Ben-
nett 4-688; Same locality, 19 km. above Leimebamba, 3,100 m., in
open boggy brushland, flowers yellow, tan and purple-brown, Hutchi-
son & Bennett 4-873. Leimebamba, on hills overlooking town from
west, 2,400 m., Hutchison & Wright 54-84-- Also Colombia. Habitat
of type uncertain.

Pleurothallis cardiostola Reichb. f., Bon pi. 2: 26. 1854.

Plant rather large, caespitose. Stems slender, up to about 34 cm. long. Leaf
commonly deflexed, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, deeply cordate at the base,
up to 15 cm. long and 5 cm. wide below. Inflorescences abbreviated, 1-flowered,
fasciculate, concealed below by a conspicuous conduplicate spathe. Flowers small,
yellow or creamy brown, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute to obtuse,
about 13 mm. long. Lateral sepals connate into an ovate to orbicular-ovate lamina
which is subequal to the dorsal sepal. Petals distinctly smaller than the sepals,
elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with serrulate margins. Lip small, broadly
ovate to triangular (sometimes appearing subtrilobed), obtuse, fleshy, 3-4 mm.
long and often broader. Column abbreviated, white.

22 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 7.5 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,535 m., Hutchison & Ben-
nett 4.624; Same locality, 14 km. above Leimebamba, 2,850 m.,
Hutchison & Bennett 4686. Junin: Oxapampa, flowers small (Diaz),
Bennett s.n. Also Venezuela (type). Colombia and Ecuador.

Pleurothallis ciliata Knowl. & Westc. Flor. Cab. 1: t. 19. 1837. =
P. Lanceana Lodd. Bot. Cab. 18: t. 1767. 1831.

Pleurothallis convoluta KranzL, Engler Bot. Jahrb. 26: 442. 1899,
not Lindl. = P. papillisepala Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7:109.
1920.

Pleurothallis crocodiliceps Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 72. 1855.

Plant medium-sized, caespitose. Stems slender, gradually dilated and nar-
rowly bialate upward, about 22 cm. or less high. Leaf ovate-oblong, lanceolate-
ovate or elliptic, acute to acuminate, abruptly rounded to subcordate at the sessile
base, up to 10.5 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Inflorescences 2 to several, 1-flowered,
fascicled, with filiform peduncles about 5 cm. long. Flowers rather small, fleshy,
bilabiate. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, about 13 mm.
long, longitudinally concave. Lateral sepals similar, entirely connate to the ob-
tuse apex. Petals linear or lanceolate-linear, acute, slightly wider below the middle,
nearly as long as the sepals, but much narrower. Lip minute, triangular-ovate,
subacute, very fleshy, concave at the apex, about 2 mm. long, produced at the base
into a pair of triangular-lanceolate, membranaceous, uncinate, pubescent auricles.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, on middle eastern slopes of
Calla Calla, near Kms. 415-418 of Leimebamba-Balsas road, 2,900-
3,150 m., low epiphyte in moist ravine, flowers pale yellow with faint
brown streaks at base, Wurdack 1736, Hutchison & Wright 6925.
Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, Hda. Quillabamba to Sangari, 1,000 m.,
epiphyte, Vargas 17565. Also Venezuela (type) and Colombia.

Pleurothallis diffusa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 49, t. 86.
1836. = Pleurothallis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8,
no. 40: 520. 1962.

Pleurothallis diffusa Poepp. & Endl. var. grandiflora C. Schweinf.,
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 17: 212. 1956. = Pleurothallis pen-
duliflora KranzL, Fedde Repert. 1: 177. 1905.

Pleurothallis dinotherii Reichb. f. & Warsc., Bonpl. 2: 114. 1854.
= Pleurothallis arbuscula Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 72, no. 32.
1842.

Pleurothallis fimbriata Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 17, no. 92.
1859. = Pleurothallis Miqueliana (Focke) Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuro-
thallis 17, no. 93. 1859.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 23

Pleurothallis fimbrilabia C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 16: 50. 1953. =Restrepia ecuadorensis Rolfe, Kew Bull.
(1892) 138.

Pleurothallis Fritillaria Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 240. 1855.

Plant rather large. Stems slender, about 28 cm. or less long, provided at the
base and in the middle with a close, elongate, tubular sheath. Leaf elliptic to ellip-
tic-oblong, sessile at the broadly cuneate base, obtuse to subacute, up to 17.5 cm.
long and 4.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences about twice longer than the leaf, 1 to 3 in
number, loosely many-flowered, secund racemes, about 32 cm. or less long, with
a rather prominent conduplicate sheath at the origin. Flowers rather large, with
ringent segments. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, deeply concave,
about 1.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, usually connate into
an elliptic-ovate concave lamina similar to the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller,
obliquely rhombic-elliptic, more or less acute, scarcely more than one-half as long
as the sepals. Lip narrowly ligulate, acute, with the margins of the anterior half
strongly revolute and minutely denticulate, slightly exceeding the sepals. Column
arcuate, with a pair of triangular wings above.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 5 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, in region called "San Mi-
guel," 2,400 m., flowers purple or purple-mottled, Hutchison & Ben-
nett 4554; Same locality, 15 km. above Leimebamba, on road to
Balsas, 4,739 m., flowers translucent white mottled with dark red-
purple, Hutchison & Bennett 4^39. Ecuador (type) .

Pleurothallis genychila Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 74. 1921. =
Pleurothallis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40:
520. 1962.

Pleurothallis hirsutissima C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 94, t. 29. 1951. = Restrepiella hirsutissima (C. Schweinf.)
Garay & Dunsterv. Venez. Orch. Illustr. 4: 266, t., 1966; Orch. Dig.
31:39. 1967.

Pleurothallis Hitchcockii Ames Orch. 7: 117. 1922.

Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 18 cm. high. Stems slender, 2.3-15 cm.
long, provided with two close, tubular scarious sheaths below the middle. Leaf
erect, petioled; lamina elliptic, obtuse, cuneate at base, up to 8 cm. long and 3 cm.
wide; petiole up to 1.6 cm. long. Inflorescences fasciculate, 1-flowered, consisting
of 1- to several flowers, subtended by a prominent conduplicate spathe about 1.6
cm. long which tardily wastes into fibres. Flowers large for the plant, bilabiate,
pale yellow or greenish cream-color. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, long-acuminate, con-
cave, about 1.8 cm. long. Lateral sepals more or less connate into a narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate lamina which is subequally long with the dorsal sepal but
narrower. Petals much smaller (about two-thirds) than the sepals, lanceolate-
linear, with a minute lobe or tooth on the posterior margin near the base. Lip
small, rhombic-ovate, 6-7 mm. long, 3-lobed, obtuse, cuneate at base; lateral lobes

24 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

relatively small, strongly falcate-decurved, narrowly oblong, with a protuberant
angle near the apex on the posterior margin; mid-lobe relatively large, triangular-
ovate, with a pair of small fleshy calli near the middle, tan or pink-maroon. Col-
umn minute, 3-toothed at the apex.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, on forested ridge on right bank of
Rio Santiago, 2-3 km. above the mouth, 300-350 meters, low epi-
phyte, Wurdack 2414- Also British Guiana (type) and Venezuela.

Pleurothallis Imraei Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 9, no. 35.
1859. P. vaginata Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 19: 197. 1923.

Pleurothallis Lanceana Lodd. Bot. Cab. 18: t. 1767. 1831.
P. ciliata Knowl. & Westc. Flor. Cab. 1: t. 19. 1837.

Pleurothallis lancipetala (Karst.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
6: 62. 1919. Dubois-Reymondia lancipetala Karst. Fl. Colomb. 1:
sub t. 47. 1858.

Plant rather large, caespitose, about 26-60 cm. high. Stems slender, about
16.2-42 cm. long, entirely concealed by several close, tubular, brown-spotted, his-
pid sheaths which are successively longer upward. Leaf erect, narrowly lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, cuneate at the sessile base, 10-18 cm. long, 1-2.3 cm. wide.
Inflorescence a fascicle of abbreviated, 1-flowered peduncles. Flowers 1 to 3 at a
time, small. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, 5-11 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely ovate, connate to about the middle, slightly shorter than the dorsal
sepal. Petals nearly as long as the sepals, from a broadly obovate base abruptly
contracted to a narrow, fleshy, caudate apex. Lip much smaller than the other
segments, about 1.5-5 mm. long, 3-lobed near the middle, cuneate toward the base,
rounded- obtuse at the apex, shortly bicarinate in the middle; lateral lobes obovate-
rounded, spreading; mid-lobe ovate, subequal to the lateral lobes or larger. Col-
umn small, 3-toothed at the apex.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., Hutchison & Ben-
nett 4719. Also Venezuela and Colombia (type). The Peruvian ex-
ample of this species is much larger throughout than the Venezuelan
form.

Pleurothallis linguifera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 10,
no. 41. 1859.

Plant rather large, variable, caespitose, up to 38 cm. high. Stems slender,
about 35.5 cm. or less long, concealed below the middle by two close, tubular, macu-
late sheaths. Leaf erect to horizontally spreading, ovate to oblong-ovate, acumi-
nate (often abruptly so), deeply cordate at the sessile base, up to 12 cm. long
(including the basal auricles) and 5.5 cm. wide. Inflorescences fasciculate, abbre-
viated, 1-flowered. Flowers small to medium-sized, brown or brownish purple and
yellow, bilabiate. Dorsal sepal ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute, about 12-18 (rarely

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 25

21) mm. long, and 5 (rarely 11) mm. wide. Lateral sepals entirely connate into a
subequal lamina. Petals much smaller than the sepale, linear, acute, about half
as long as the sepals, commonly lightly decurved. Lip ovate to ovate-oblong,
obtuse (rarely abruptly acute), fleshy, about half as long as the sepals or less.
Column minute.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 10 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,700 meters, flowers golden
yellow, Hutchison & Bennett 4-736 (the lip of this number is ovate) ;
Same locality, 19 km. above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 3,100 m.,
flowers brown, Hutchison & Wright 5526. Cajamarca: Prov. of
Celendin, gorge of Rio Maranon, above Balsas, 5 km. below summit
of road to Celendin, 2,930 m., flowers brownish purple and yellow,
terrestrial, Hutchison & Wright 5343. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco,
Carpish, Tingo Maria side, 14 km. below the summit, about 1,900 m.,
Hutchison & Wright & Straw 6073; Same locality, 2,850 m., on steep
slop in "ceja de montana," flowers light olivaceous green to maroon,
Asplund 13070 (flowers large). Also Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,
and Bolivia (type).

Pleurothallis longicaulis Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 72, no. 26.
1842.

Plant caespitose, small to medium-sized, up to 23 cm. high. Stems filiform,
terete below, slightly enlarged and angled above, up to 18 cm. long, provided be-
low with 2 or 3 close, tubular evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, narrowly elliptic-
oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse to subacute, sessile at the cuneate base, 2.9-6.8 cm.
long, up to 1.7 cm. wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences 1 to several, shorter or slightly
longer than the leaf, subdensely several- to many-flowered, with the rachis more
or less arcuate above. Flowers small, campanulate, yellow or tan-yellow, mem-
branaceous. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, cucullate, about 5 mm. long. Lateral
sepals obliquely lanceolate-oblong, carinate, acute and apiculate, about equally
long with the dorsal sepal. Petals much smaller than the sepals (about two-thirds
as long), narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, with the margins obscurely serrulate.
Lip slightly shorter than the petals, rhombic-ovate in outline, 3-lobed near the
middle, obtuse to acute, cuneate toward the base; lateral lobes small, triangular-
dentiform, porrect, with the outer margins serrate; mid-lobe much larger, oblong-
ovate, bicarinate at the base. Column slender, shorter than the petals, denticu-
late at the apex.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Rio Utcubamba, 300 km. east of
Olmos, at Campomiento Ingenio, 1,250 m., common, Hutchison &
Wright 68^8. Vicinity of Campomiento Ingenio, 1-3 km. up the
road from Puente Ingenio to Pomacocha, 1,300-1,400 m., sepals tan-
yellow, Hutchison & Wright 38^0. El Ingenio, 1,250 m., on trees,

26 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

flowers green- vinaceous, Sagastegui 5958. Prov. of Bagua, between
Bagua Grande and Chachapoyas, 1,200-1,300 m., epiphyte in low
woods, flowers yellow, Ferreyra 144-25. Also Brazil (type).

Pleurothallis mediocarinata C. Schweinfurth sp. nov.

Herba mediocris, caespitosa. Caules approximati, vaginis tubulatis, pluribus
omnino celati, unifoliati. Folium erectum, breviter petiolatum; lamina ovalis,
apice rotundata, inf erne in sicco abrupte angustata, coriacea. Inflorescentia folium
multo superans, superne dense multiflora cum floribus parvis, secundis, membra-
naceis. Sepala prope margines minute pubescentia, trinervia. Sepalum dorsale
lanceolato-oblongum, acutum. Sepala lateralia similia, elliptico-oblonga, leviter
obliqua. Petala quam sepala multo minora, oblique elliptico-oblonga, apice ro-
tundata, uninervia. Labellum expansum ovato-oblongum, prope medium leviter
angustatum et igitur subtrilobatum; discus basi medio breviter carinatus. Col-
umna brevis, leviter arcuata.

Plant medium-sized, caespitose, up to 17.5 cm. tall. Roots numerous, fibrous,
glabrous. Stems approximate, unifoliate, entirely concealed by few imbricating,
tubular sheaths, 4 cm. or less long, gradually decumbent below. Leaf erect,
abruptly short-petioled; petiole about 7 mm. or less long, channelled; lamina oval,
rounded at the apex with a minutely retuse and apiculate tip, rather abruptly
narrowed into the petiole, up to 4.3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide in the middle, coria-
ceous, marginate. Inflorescence far surpassing the leaf, up to 15 cm. long, with a
densely many-flowered, secund raceme. Flowers small, membranaceous, campan-
ulate in natural position. Sepals minutely pubescent near and on the margins,
3-nerved. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-oblong, about 6.9 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide,
acute. Lateral sepals similar, elliptic-oblong, about 6.5 mm. long and 2.4 mm.
wide, subacute, slightly oblique. Petals much smaller than the sepals, obliquely
elliptic-oblong, rounded to minutely acute at the apex, 1-nerved, about 4 mm. long
and 1.6 mm. wide near the middle. Lip lightly longitudinally concave in natural
position, ovate-oblong when expanded, lightly narrowed and thus subtrilobed just
above the middle, lightly cordate at the sessile base, broadly rounded with erose
margins in front, 3-nerved, about 4.3 mm. long and 2 mm. wide below the middle;
disc with a short but prominent keel in the center of the base, lightly carinate over
the lateral nerves beneath. Column shorter than the petals, lightly arcuate, ter-
minating in a slightly denticulate wing, about 3 mm. long at the back.

Pleurothallis mediocarinata appears to be quite distinct from all
others in the alliance by reason of its median callus on the disc of the
lip. Vegetatively it seems to be similar to many other species of
the group centering in P. Ghiesbreghtiana A. Rich. & Gal.

Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, in ruins of Machu-Picchu, at 2,400 m.
altitude, on rocks of temple, November 5, 1957, Paul C. Hutchison
1765 (type in Herb. Univ. Calif.; Sixth Botanical Garden Expedition
to the Andes, 1957-58, No. M 199545) ; (fragment of type in Herb.
Ames No. 089670).

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 27

Pleurothallis mentosa Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 400,
t. 84, fig. 1. 1896.

Plant small, caespitose, about 7 cm. or less tall. Stems abbreviated, about 1.5
(rarely 2.5) cm. or less long, entirely concealed by 2 or 3 tubular, evanescent
sheaths. Leaf erect, obovate to spatulate-oblanceolate, subacute to broadly ob-
tuse, very gradually narrowed below, up to 6.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide. Inflores-
cences 1 or 2, filiform, subequalmg to much surpassing the leaf, very loosely 2- to
several-flowered, with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers small, campanulate. Sepals
red-brown or yellow. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, con-
cave, about 8 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acute, more
or less connate, forming a prominent mentum with the column-foot, about as long
as the dorsal sepal or slightly longer. Petals narrowly oblanceolate-oblong,
rounded at the apex, about half as long as the sepals, white. Lip narrowly oblong-
cuneate, entire, broadly truncate in front, about 5 mm. long, pink. Column arcu-
ate, about as long as the petals, angulate-dilated on each side in the middle,
produced into a subequally long foot.

Loreto: Habitat not specified, at sea level, in deep shade, flowers
yellow, Moore 101+0. Also Venezuela and Brazil (type).

Pleurothallis microptera Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 108. 1920.
= Restrepiella microptera (Schltr.) Garay & Dunsterv. Venez.
Orch. Illustr. 4: 266, t., 1966.

Pleurothallis Miqueliana (Focke) Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuro-
thallis 17, no. 93. 1859. Specklinia Miqueliana Focke, Tidjschr.
Nat. Wetensch. 2: 199. 1849. Pleurothallis fimbriata Lindl. Fol.
Orch. Pleurothallis 17, no. 92. 1859.

Pleurothallis misera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 36, no. 215.
1859. = Platystele misera (Lindl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 21, no. 9:251. 1967.

Pleurothallis nigro-hirsuta Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 91. 1905.=
P. acuminata (HBK.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, Misc. 70, no. 13. 1842.

Pleurothallis papillisepala Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 109.
1920. Pleurothallis convoluta Kranzl., Engler Bot. Jahrb. 26: 442.
1899, not Lindl.

Plant medium-sized, 15-20 cm. tall. Stems caespitose, slender, 4-9 cm. long ,
concealed by 2-3 close, tubular, evanescent sheaths. Leaf erect, petioled; lamina
ligulate or narrowly oblong, obtuse, 7-9.5 cm. long, more or less convolute, up to
nearly 1 cm. wide if expanded; petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflorescences 2 or 3,
somewhat shorter than the leaf, subdensely many-flowered. Flowers secund,
small, greenish-white. Dorsal sepal elliptic-oblong, obtuse or subacute, cucullate,
6-7 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, connate to the middle. Petals
about half as long as the sepals, oblong-obovate or spatulate, broadly rounded at
the apex. Lip oblong-ovate, broadly rounded and crenulate in front, cuneate
toward the base, 3.5-4 mm. long, arcuate. Column small, trilobulate at the apex.

28 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Cuzco: Machu-Picchu, Dunsterville s.n. Also Colombia (type).

Pleurothallis penduliflora Kranzl., Fedde Repert 1: 177. 1905.
P. diffusa Poepp. & Endl. var. grandiflora C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 17: 212. 1956.

Pleurothallis peniculus Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 110. 1920
= Lepanthopsis peniculus (Schltr.) Garay, Orch. Journ. 2, no. 10:
468, fig. 206, 17-19. 1953.

Pleurothallis procumbens Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 35,
no. 212. 1859. P. trialata Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 500,
t. 100, fig. 2. 1896.

Pleurothallis pubescens Lindl., Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2:
355. 1836. P. Smithiana Lindl., Bot. Reg. 29, Misc. 57, no. 79. 1843.

Pleurothallis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih.
9: 142. 1921. -Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 140.
1805.

Pleurothallis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40,
520. 1962. Humboldtia revoluta Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv.
et Chil. 1: 235. 1798. Stelis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. Sp. PL 4:
140. 1806. Pleurothallis diffusa Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1
49, t. 86. 1836. Pleurothallis semipellucida Reichb. f., Linnaea 22:
823. 1849. Pleurothallis genychila Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9:
74. 1921.

Pleurothallis rhodotantha Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 825. 1849.

Plant large, over 30 cm. tall. Stems slender, more than 12 cm. long, mostly
concealed by about 3 close, tubular sheaths which are longer upward. Leaf peti-
oled; lamina elliptic or elliptic-oblong, broadly obtuse, cuneate below, about 9-
10.5 cm. long, up to 4 cm. wide, coriaceous; petiole about 1 cm. long. Inflores-
cences 2 or more, much surpassing the leaf, flexuous-suberect, about 20 cm. long,
racemose, densely many-flowered with the flowers secund. Flowers small, typi-
cally yellow with rose stripes. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, cucul-
late, about 8.2 mm. long. Lateral sepals very similar but slightly longer, connate
near the base. Petals elliptic-oblong, subacute, nearly half as long as the sepals,
3-nerved. Lip triangular-ovate, subobtuse, about 3 mm. long, with the rounded
sides at the base (lateral lobes) extending onto the middle of the disc.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., Hutchison & Ben-
nett 1+682. Also Colombia (type).

Pleurothallis rhynchantha (Reichb. f. & Warsc.) L. Wms., Bot.
Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 7: 188. 1939. = Barbosella cucullata
(Lindl.) Schltr., Fedde Repert. 15: 261. 1918.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 29

Pleurothallis rubroviridis Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist,
ser. 3, 1: 327. 1858.

Plant medium-sized. Stems approximate on an abbreviated rhizome, erect or
arcuate, narrowly winged and bialate above, up to 20.5 cm. long. Leaf erect, ellip-
tic, sessile, subacute to obtuse, up to 7 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence
abbreviated, about 3-flowered. Flowers very small, finely pubescent, with the
segments subparallel and more or less connate below, typically green and red.
Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, acute, about 4.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals obliquely
ovate-oblong, more or less connate, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals
about half as long as the sepals, obliquely oblanceolate linear, truncate-obtuse. Lip
about as long as the petals, elliptic-oblong, broadly obtuse, bilamellate throughout.

Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Tingo Maria, epiphyte, flowers dark
yellow, Asplund 12165. Also Cuba (type).

Pleurothallis scandens Ames Sched. Orch. 5: 18, fig. 4. 1923.

Plant large, sprawling. Stems very slender, superposed, branching, with the
largest members up to 34.5 cm. long, mostly concealed by several close, tubular,
more or less hispid sheaths. Leaf linear to linear-lanceolate, sessile, acuminate,
cuneate at the base, up to 11.7 cm. long and 6 mm. wide. Inflorescences axillary,
abbreviated, 1-flowered, clustered. Flowers very small. Dorsal sepal ovate-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, concave, about 4-6 mm. long. Lateral sepals
obliquely ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, more or less connate below, slightly
shorter than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely triangular-lanceolate, rather
abruptly narrowed through the upper half, thickened above, subacute, about as
long as the dorsal sepal. Lip much smaller than the sepals, ovate-oblong, pandu-
rate or 3-lobed, with obliquely semiovate lateral lobes, broadly obtuse, bicarinate
throughout, rarely up to 2.5 mm. long.

Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, west of Divisoria, 1,400 m., epi-
phyte in forest, Asplund 12527. Also Costa Rica (type), Ecuador,
and Venezuela (var. simplicicaulis C. Schweinf.).

Pleurothallis sclerophylla Lindl., Bot. Reg. 21, sub t. 1797,
no. 31, 1836; Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 34, no. 204. 1859. P. stenope-
tala Lodd. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 95, no. 182. 1838.

Pleurothallis semipellucida Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 823. 1849.=
P. revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40: 520. 1962.

Pleurothallis semipellucida Reichb. f. var. grandiflora C. Schweinf.,
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 102. 1951. = P. penduliflora
Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 177. 1905.

Pleurothallis setigera Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 38, no.
232. 1859.

Plant small, caespitose, about 6 cm. or less high. Stems abbreviated, concealed
by about 3 membranaceous, tubular, imbricating sheaths. Leaf oblanceolate, sub-

30 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

acute to obtuse, very gradually narrowed to a slender petioled base, up to 3 cm.
long and 4 mm. wide, marginate. Inflorescences commonly solitary, much sur-
passing the leaf, filiform, very loosely about 3- to 6-flowered, with a strongly fracti-
flex rachis. Flowers small but large for the plant, yellowish white often streaked
with purple, membranaceous. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, long-caudate,
about 8-11 mm. long, cucullate. Lateral sepals very similar, obliquely lanceolate,
connate at the base. Petals about half as long as the sepals, lanceolate, caudate,
with the sides below lacerate-fimbriate. Lip triangular-ovate or rhombic-ovate,
broadly obtuse with a serrulate margin, cuneate toward the base, about 3-4 mm.
long; disc bicarinate below.

Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Lares to Hiesbabuenayocc, 2,910-3,250 m.,
in humus, Vargas 11952. Prov. of Covencion, Choquellowanca,
1,450 m., epiphyte, Vargas 1291*9. Also Ecuador (type), Colombia,
and Venezuela.

Pleurothallis Smithiana Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29, Misc. 57, no. 79.
1843. = Pleurothallis pubescens Lindl., Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2:
355. 1836.

Pleurothallis spathata Schltr., Fedde Repert. 27: 54. 1929.=
Pleurothllais loranthophylla Reichb. f., Bot. Zeit. 10: 674. 1852.

Pleurothallis stelidioides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 116.
1920; Mansf., Fedde Repert. Beih. 57, t. 40, nr. 155. 1929.

Plant small, caespitose, up to 18 cm. tall. Stems slender, up to 7 cm. long,
mostly concealed by 2 close, tubular sheaths. Leaf shortly petioled; lamina nar-
rowly elliptic-oblong to oblanceolate, obtuse, 3-6.5 cm. long, up to 1.2 cm. wide;
petiole up to 1 cm. long. Inflorescences 1 or 2, slender, lax, almost twice surpassing
the leaf, subdensely many-flowered. Flowers very small, secund, membranaceous,
white with pale brown stripes. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acute or shortly
acuminate, concave, about 4 mm. long. Lateral sepals similar, oblique. Petals
much smaller, obliquely linear-oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse. Lip ovate-
oblong, rounded-obtuse, about 2.5 mm. long.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 18 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 3,100 m., Hutchison & Wright
5708. Also Colombia (type) and Ecuador.

Pleurothallis stenopetala Lodd. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 24, Misc. 95,
no. 182. 1838. = Pleurothallis sclerophylla Lindl., Bot. Reg. 21:
sub t. 1797, no. 31. 1836.

Pleurothallis trialata Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 4: 500, 1. 100,
fig. 2. 1896. = Pleurothallis procumbens Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleuro-
thallis 35, no. 212. 1859.

Pleurothallis vaginata Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 19: 197. 1923.
= Pleurothallis Imraei Lindl. Fol. Orch. Pleurothallis 9, no. 35.
1859. Also Ecuador,

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 31

Pleurothallis Wageneriana Kl., Allgem. Gartenz, 20: 274.
1852.

Plant medium-sized to large, 16 to about 33 cm. tall, with a creeping rhizome.
Stems stout, 7-28 cm. tall, 5-10 mm. apart on the rhizome, mostly concealed by
3-6 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, sessile, narrowly elliptic-oblong, acute, cuneate
at base, fleshy-coriaceous, about 9-14 cm. long, up to 3 cm. wide. Inflorescence
abbreviated, a succession of single, short-stemmed, small, fleshy flowers. Dorsal
sepal elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, 7-11.5 mm. long. Lateral sepals
similar but slightly shorter, oblique, connate but readily separated. Petals much
smaller than the sepals, oblong-linear to broadly ligulate, obtuse to acute, thin in
texture. Lip about as long as the petals, ovate or oblong-ovate when expanded,
3-lobed below the middle, rounded-obtuse in front, cuneate at base, about 4 mm.
long; lateral lobes very small, obliquely oblong-lanceolate to semi-obovate, por-
rect; mid-lobe much larger, oblong-obovate, fleshy, densely papillose.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, vicinity of Campomiento Ingenio,
1-3 km. from Puente Ingenio, up the road to Pomacocha, 1,300-
1,400 m., sepals pale orange, lateral sepals purplish-dotted, petals
pale orange, lip dark purple, Hutchison & Wright 3832. Between
Pomacocha and Campomiento Ingenio, near the road, 1,880 m.,
Hutchison & Wright 1+020. Between Rio Utcubamba and Lake
Pomacocha on the Rioja road, 17 km. above and north of Puente
Ingenio, 1,750 m., flowers pale tan-yellow, lower sepals tinged with
maroon on face, lip purplish red, Hutchison & Wright 6840 (plant
large). Also Colombia and Venezuela.

Lepanthopsis peniculus (Schltr.) Garay, Orch. Journ. 2, no. 10;
468, fig. 206, 17-19. 1953. Pleurothallis peniculus Schltr. Fedde Re-
pert. Beih. 7: 110. 1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57, t. 38, nr. 146.
1929.

Plant small, slender, erect, 11-17 cm. high. Stems slender, up to 9 cm. long,
entirely concealed by 5-7 close, tubular sheaths with an ovate, acuminate, cilio-
late mouth. Leaf short-petioled; lamina oblong-ligulate or narrowly elliptic, sub-
acute, cuneate below, thickly coriaceous, about 3-4 cm. long and 7.5-9 mm. wide;
petiole short, 4-6 mm. long. Inflorescences 1 or 2, almost twice as long as the leaf,
subdensely many-flowered, secund. Flowers very small, thin, glabrous. Dorsal
sepal ovate-lanceolate, long-attenuate-caudate, about 5.5-6.7 mm. long. Lateral
sepals similar, slightly longer and narrower, oblique. Petals much smaller, elliptic-
oblong, obtuse. Lip about as long as the petals, deeply 3-lobed below the middle,
cordate at base, up to 2 mm. long; lateral lobes dolabriform with truncate sides;
mid-lobe oblong to linear, obtuse; disc with a more or less distinct pair of oblong-
conic horns in front of the lateral lobes. Column minute.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., flowers translucent-
white, Hutchison & Bennett 4785. Also Colombia (type of Pleuro-
thallis peniculus).

32 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr., Fedde Repert. 15: 261.
1918. Restrepia cucullata Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 108.
1845. Pleurothallis rhynchantha (Reichb. f. & Warsc.) L. Wms.,
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 7: 188. 1939.

Restrepiella hirsutissima (C. Schweinf.) Garay & Dunsterv.
Venez. Orch. Illustr. 4: 266. 1966. Pleurothallis hirsutissima C.
Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 15: 94, t. 29. 1951.

Restrepiella microptera (Schltr.) Garay & Dunsterv. Venez.
Orch. Illustr. 4: 266. 1966. Pleurothallis microptera Schltr. Fedde
Repert. Beih. 7: 108. 1920.

Plant rather large, about 30 cm. tall. Stems caespitose, up to 17 cm. high,
erect, almost entirely concealed by about 6 tubular, brown sheaths. Leaf erect,
oblong to oblong-elliptic, subobtuse, nearly sessile, up to 12 cm. long and 2.3 cm.
wide. Inflorescences 1 or 2, abbreviated, 1-flowered. Flower relatively large,
glabrous. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, long-attenuate to an obtuse tip, cucullate, 1-
1.2 cm. long. Lateral sepals very similar but narrower toward the base. Petals
about half as long as the sepals, oblong-elliptic, acute. Lip oblong-ovate in out-
line, 3-lobed near the base, about 5 mm. long, cuneate at base; lateral lobes small,
rounded-semiobovate; mid-lobe much larger, broadly obovate, abruptly acute or
apiculate; disc with a pair of short fleshy calli between the lateral lobes. Column
very small and slender.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, 2,350-2,400 m., on rocks in
scrub forest, along Rio Ventilla, 1-2 km. west of Molinopampa,
flowers pale yellow, Wurdack H77. Colombia (type of Pleurothallis
microptera). The presence of four pollinia indicates its membership
in the concept Restrepiella.

Brachionidium phalangiferum Garay, Canad. Journ. Bot. 34:
738, fig. 3, H-K. 1956.

Plant small, with a long-creeping rhizome or primary stem which is entirely
concealed by tubular, scarious sheaths. Secondary stems short, up to 7 mm. long,
covered by 2 imbricating, scarious, tubular sheaths. Leaf elliptic-obovate, acute,
gradually contracted below into a narrow petiole, 2.3 cm. long, 6-8 mm. wide.
Flower solitary, large for the plant, long-peduncled, with the sepals and petals
wide-spreading, minutely cellular-ciliolate. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, abruptly
contracted into a long tail, 2.5-3.9 cm. long. Lateral sepal connate into a very
similar lamina of which the tail is deeply bifid above. Petals obliquely ovate be-
low, rather abruptly contracted into a similar long tail, nearly as long as the sepals.
Lip relatively minute, transversely rhombic-ovate, apiculate at the broad apex,
about 2 mm. long and 5 mm. wide below; disc with a large fleshy, 3-lobulate callus
in the center.

Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Pillawata, Paso del Aguila,
2,800 m., prostrate in moss of humus in shady woods, Vargas 16772.
Also Venezuela (type).

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 33

Malaxis andicola (Ridl.) 0. Ktze., Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 673. 1891.
Microstylis andicola Ridl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 24: 330. 1888.
Microstylis termensis Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 91. 1905. Malaxis
termensis (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
10: 33. 1941.

Malaxis andicola (Ridl.) 0. Ktze. var. elata (C. Schweinf.)
C. Schweinf. comb. nov. Malaxis termensis (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf.
var. elata C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 10. 1953.

Malaxis termensis (Kranzl.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har-
vard Univ. 10: 33. 1941. = M. andicola (Ridl.) 0. Ktze., Rev. Gen.
PI. 2: 673. 1891.

Diothonea nutans (Lindl.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 11: 179. 1944. = Hemiscleria nutans Lindl. Fol. Orch. Hemi-
scleria (1853) 1.

Lanium subulatum Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1896) 46; Cogn., Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5:27. 1898.

Plant small, epiphytic, about 13 cm. or less high. Pseudobulbs oblong-ovoid,
several-jointed, bearing 2 to 3 separated leaves and an additional one at the base,
up to 2.3 cm. long. Leaves linear-subulate, subterete, channelled, more or less,
acute, fleshy, arcuate, up to 9.5 cm. long and 2.5 mm. wide. Inflorescence loosely
paniculate and many-flowered (rarely racemose and few-flowered). Flowers very
small, pale green, suffused with pink. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate, acute, about
5 mm. or less long. Lateral sepals similar, lightly oblique. Petals linear, acute,
slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip round-ovate, acute or short-acuminate, con-
cave, with the 3 central nerves thickened, about 3.5 mm. long and nearly as wide
when expanded.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, canyon of Rio Maranon below Mi-
lagro, on the Mesones-Muro highway between Campomiento Santa
Rosa (Km. 247) and Quebrada Amajo (Km. 250), about 400 m.,
Hutchison 1533. Between Quebrada Aramanga (Km. 262) and Punta
Pomard (Km. 268), about 400 m., Hutchison 1556. Also Brazil
(Minas Geraes) type.

Epidendrum alpicola Reichb. f., Bon pi. 2: 110. 1854.

Plant stout, about 25-60 cm. tall. Stem ancipitous, entirely concealed by
tubular, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves (often deciduous through the lower portion
of the stem) rather numerous, distichous, linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblong,
subacute to obtuse and often bilobulate at the apex, sessile, 8-18 cm. long, up to
1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescence racemose, nodding above, subtended by 1 or 2 promi-
nent, narrowly oblong, conduplicate, acute sheaths; raceme subdensely many-
flowered, about 8 cm. long. Flowers small, thin in the dried specimen. Dorsal
sepal narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, about 7-12 mm. long and 2 mm. or

34 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

more wide. Lateral sepals similar but slightly larger, oblique. Petals linear, nar-
rowed toward the base, much shorter than the sepals. Lip shorter than the sepals,
with the claw entirely adnate to the column; lamina sharply 3-lobed, cordate at
base, about 4.5 mm. or more long; lateral lobes narrow, transversely oblong, cor-
date at base and apex, slightly crenulate on the outer margin; mid-lobe porrect,
rhombic-lanceolate, acuminate; disc bicallose at base, with 3 more or less distinct
carinate lines in front. Column prominent, arcuate, dilated upward, nearly equal-
ing the lamina of the lip.

Junin: Chanchamayo, Steumpfle s.n. Also Colombia and Vene-
zuela (type).

Epidendrum biflorum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
1: 247. 1798. = E. peruvianum Hawkes, Orquidea 18; no. 5: 172.
1956, notE. biflorum Forst. f., 1786.

Epidendrum breviracemum C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Lean 1 .
Harvard Univ. 15: 139, t. 41. 1952. The number of the type should
be 35456, not 394-56. In the opinion of Dr. L. A. Garay, this con-
cept is synonymous with Epidendrum jajense Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2:
20. 1856.

Epidendrum chioneum Lindl., Bot. Reg. 31, Misc. 73, no. 36.
1845.

Plant stout, terrestrial, up to 7 dm. or more high, with thick roots. Stems sim-
ple or more usually branched with commonly ascending branches, entirely con-
cealed by close, tubular leaf-sheaths, commonly leafless below. Leaves numerous,
distichous, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate (rarely linear-lanceolate), obtuse
to acute and apiculate, sessile and clasping at base, more or less ascending, up to
8.4 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide. Inflorescences short and usually nodding, densely
many-flowered, almost subcapitate, with a short bracted peduncle, about 7 cm.
or less long including the flowers. Flowers small, white, green, greenish yellow or
yellow, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal elliptic-obovate to oblong-obovate, obtuse to
acute, up to 8.7 mm. long. Lateral sepals a little larger, oblique, sharply acute.
Petals much narrower, spatulate-oblong, acute (rarely) to obtuse or broadly
rounded at the apex, slightly shorter than the dorsal sepal. Lip about as long as
the sepals, with the claw entirely adnate to the short stout column; lamina more
or less 3-lobed, often deeply so, bicallose at base, up to 7.5 mm. long and 11 mm.
wide across the lateral lobes when expanded, cordate at base; lateral lobes (if dis-
tinct) obliquely round-ovate; mid-lobe often larger, subquadrate or flabellate-
subquadrate, more or less retuse and apiculate.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Jalca zone, along Yambrasbamba-
Pomacocha trail, between Yanayacu and Pomacocha, 2,300-2,400 m.
terrestrial, flowers pale dull yellow with pale green column, Wurdack
10? '4. Also Colombia (type) and Ecuador.

Epidendrum cochlidium Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist. 4: 382. 1840.
= E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 35

Epidendrum compressum Griesb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. Is. 617.
1864. Epidendrum yatapuense Barb.-Rodr. Vellosia 1, ed. 2: 123.
1891.

Epidendrum coronatum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et
Chil. 1: 242. 1798. E. moyobambae Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 185.
1905.

Epidendrum corymbosum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et
Chil. 1: 246. 1798. =E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760.

Epidendrum crassilabium Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2:
1, t. 102. 1837-38. = E. Vespa Veil. Fl. Flum. Ic. 9: t. 27. 1827.

Epidendrum cyperifolium C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Har-
vard Univ. 16: 10. 1953.

An examination of the Ruiz & Pa von material of Bletia ensiformis,
which was cited as a questionable synonym, shows that it surely ex-
emplifies E. cyperifolium. However, the existence of E. ensiforme
Veil. (1827) renders a change unnecessary.

Epidendrum dichotomum Presl, Rel. Haenk. Liv. 1, 2: 101. 1827.
= E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760.

Epidendrum euspathum Kranzl. Fedde Repert. 1: 182. 1905.=
E. Lehmannii Reichb. f., Otia Bot. Hamb. 1: 11. 1878.

Epidendrum excelsum C. Schweinf urth sp. nov.

Herba mediocris, cum rhizomate repenti et radicibus pluribus crassis albidis
glabris. Caules breves, plusminusve approximati, in sicco striato-rugosi, vaginis
tribus quarum superiores f oliifera celati. Folia anguste oblonga vel lineari-lanceo-
lata, acuta vel acuminata, ad basim sessilem leviter angustata. Inflorescentia
solitaria, erecta, superne laxe multiflora, pedunculo saepe folium unicum gerenti.
Florum bracteae conspicuae, anguste triangulari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, late
patentes. Flores parvi, subcarnosi, aurei. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-ovatum, acu-
tum, concavum. Sepala lateralia oblique elliptico-ovata, acuta, dorso conspicue
carinata. Petala oblique oblongo- vel lineari-oblanceolata, truncato-obtusa. La-
bellum columnae valde adnatum; lamina convexa, simplex vel leviter subtrilobata,
apice retusa, transverse cordato-ovata, margine irregulariter eroso-denticulata;
discus basi bicallosus, carinis carnosis approximatis quinque maxima pro parte
obtectus. Columna brevis, crassa.

Plant medium-sized, with a branching woody rhizome. Roots few, large,
fibrous, whitish, glabrous. Stems short, more or less approximate, numerous, stri-
ate-rugosein the dried specimen, apparently fleshy-thickened in life, 3-6 cm. high,
concealed by about three sheaths of which the lower ones are loose, scarious and
marcescent and the upper one or two leaf-bearing. Leaves narrowly oblong to
linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, slightly narrowed to a sessile base, up to
8 cm. long and 1.05 cm. wide. Inflorescence solitary, erect, loosely many-flowered

36 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

and often gently arcuate above (sometimes with a single leaf in the lower portion
of the peduncle) up to 22 cm. long; raceme about 17 cm. or less long. Floral bracts
narrow but conspicuous, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acuminate to an acute tip,
spreading, up to 9 mm. long, with a concave base. Flowers small, yellow or grayish
yellow, rather fleshy. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3-nerved, about
5.1-6.7 mm. long and 3-4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate or elliptic-
ovate, acute, prominently carinate without, 1- to 3-nerved, about 6.9-7.8 mm.
long and 3.5-3.7 mm. wide. Petals obliquely oblong-oblanceolate or linear-oblan-
ceolate, truncate-obtuse, 1-nerved, with irregular upper margins, about 4.9-6.1
mm. long and 1.5-1.8 mm. wide above. Lip adnate to the column to its apex;
lamina convex in natural position, simple or indistinctly subtrilobed, retuse, with
the margins (except at the base) erose-denticulate, transversely cordate-ovate,
5.3-5.5 mm. long in the middle and 8 mm. wide when expanded; disc bicallose at
the base, then mostly covered by 5-7 fleshy approximate ridges. Column short
and stout, dilated upward, excised in the middle of the apex, about 3.4-4.5 mm.
high at the back.

Epidendrum excelsum suggests E. rupestre Lindl. in vegetative
appearance, but it has an almost simple lip. It differs from E. albo-
marginatum Reichb. f. in lacking stipitate pseudobulbs, in having a
straight (not fractiflex) rachis of the raceme and in having several
fleshy ridges on the lip. The specific epithet is in allusion to the high
altitude.

La Libertad : Prov. of Huamachuco, between Yanazara and Hua-
quil (on road to Maranon), at 3,750 m. altitude, epiphyte on "qui-
shuar" (Buddleia sp.), "flores amarillentas," June 24, 1958, Lopez &
Sagdstegui 2757 (type in Herb. Ames No. 69112). La Libertad Prov.
of Pataz, Tingo (La Sabana-Huaylillas), at 3,100 m. altitude, on
edge of road, "flores amarillo-parduzcas," May 23, 1961, Lopez &
Sagastegui 351+2.

Epidendrum Feddeanum Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 188. 1905.=
E. Vespa Veil. Fl. Flum. Ic. 9: t. 27. 1827.

Epidendrum forcipatum C. Schweinfurth sp. nov.

Herba alta, pulchra ut videtur. Caules caespitosi, septem in typo, foliorum
vaginis imbricantibus omnino celati. Folia erecto-patentia, in sicco conduplicata
et leviter recurva ut videtur, expansa ovalia vel elliptico-ovata, apice rotundata,
basi cordato-amplectentia. Inflorescentia elata; pedunculus elongatus, vaginis
numerosis, longe tubulatis, maxima pro parte obtectus. Racemus laxe multi-
florus, pendulus. Florum bracteae inconspicuae, angustae. Flores satis parvi,
segmentis patentibus. Sepalum dorsale oblongo-oblanceolatum, obtusum vel
acutum, crassius. Sepala lateralia oblique oblongo-obovata, acuta, quam sepalum
dorsale paulo latiora. Petala filif ormia, apice rotundata, membranacea. Labellum
columnae omnino adnatum; lamina profunde trilobata, basi cordata, bicallosa;
lobi laterales oblique ovales, in positu naturali reflexi; lobus intermedius recurvus,

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 37

a parte inferiore ligulato-subquadrata in lobulos binos triangulari-oblongo termi-
nans. Columna apice antice dilatata.

Plant tall, caespitose, up to about 21.5 dm. in height according to collector's
notes, remarkably beautiful. Stems up to 6.5 dm. high, entirely concealed by the
sheaths of the leaves. Leaves numerous, distichous, imbricating, erect-spreading,
noted as purplish, strongly conduplicate and gently recurved in the dried specimen,
the blades being oval to broadly elliptic-ovate, rounded at the apex, cordate-clasp-
ing at the base, with strongly crispate margins, up to 9 cm. long and 6.4 cm. wide,
purplish green, rigid. Inflorescence up to 15 dm. in height; peduncle elongate,
mostly concealed by numerous close, tubular, more or less maculate sheaths with
an oblong-triangular, acute, free apex, the lowermost sheath sometimes loose and
enlarged. Flower clusters racemose (but sometimes with a short incipient branch
at the base), nodding, up to 16 cm. long, loosely many-flowered. Floral bracts
inconspicuous, membranaceous, narrowly triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, up to
1.2 cm. long at the base of the raceme. Pedicellate ovary slender, gently reflexed,
up to 1.4 cm. long. Flowers rather small, with widely spreading or reflexed seg-
ments. Sepals rather fleshy, ochraceous-tawny. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate,
obtuse or acute, indistinctly 5-nerved, 10-10.5 mm. long, 3-3.5 mm. wide. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-obovate, acute, 6-nerved, 10-10.3 mm. long, up to 4.5 mm.
wide. Petals filiform, slightly broader above, rounded at the apex, 1-nerved, mem-
branaceous. Lip with claw entirely adnate to the column, straw-yellow; lamina
sharply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, 7.5-8 mm. long from the center of the base
to the tip of an apical lobule of the mid-lobe, rather fleshy, with a pair of compla-
nate calli at the base; lateral lobes obliquely oval or rounded-dolabriform with ir-
regular margins, reflexed in natural position; mid-lobe from a ligulate-subquadrate
base terminating in a pair of triangular-oblong, obtuse to acute, slightly spreading
lobules, lightly and bluntly 3-ribbed. Column about 7 mm. high at the back, re-
tuse at the apex, abruptly dilated in front above.

Habitat not cited, probably Peru, Woytkowski s.w. Univ. Calif.
Botanical Garden at Berkeley, 52, 1853-1. Type in Herb. Ames
No. 69508.

This species has the general habit and flowers recalling the wide-
spread and variable Epidendrum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav6n, and
especially E. hondurense Ames, but it is widely dissimilar in most
respects.

Epidendrum frigidum Linden ex Lindl. var. stenophyton (Schltr.)
C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 227. 1944.=
E. frigidum Linden ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 31, Misc. 76, no. 48. 1845.

Epidendrum Giroudianum Reichb. f., Bonpl. 4: 327. 1856.=
E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760.

r Epidendrum Goodspeedianum Hawkes, Orquidea 18: 170.
1956. E. muricatum Reichb. f., Bonpl. 4: 327. 1856, not Poir. 1810.
Epidendrum gracilicaule Reichb. f. & Warsc., Bonpl. 2: 111. 1854.
= E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760.

38 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Epidendrum grandiflorum Lindl., Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 86. 1841.
= E. Sanderi Hawkes, Orquidea 18: 178. 1956, notE. grandiflorum
Poir. 1810, nor Kunth 1822.

Epidendrum Herreranum C. Schweinf., Rev. Acad. Colomb.
Cie"nc. Exact. Fisic. y Natur. 5: 350. 1943. = E. monzonense
Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 88. 1905.

Epidendrum ibaguense HBK. var. confluens (Lindl.) C.
Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 232. 1944. This
variety is sometimes considered as referable to the species on the
basis of intergrading forms.

Epidendrum incisum Reichb. f. & Warsc., Bonpl. 2: 112. 1854. =
E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760

Epidendrum lacustre Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 50, no.
157. 1853.

Plant large and stout, up to 12 dm. tall (according to the collectors' notes).
Stem entirely concealed by loose, mostly leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves several,
distichous, chiefly on the upper part of the stem, elliptic to oval, obtuse (mostly
broadly so), clasping at the sessile base, chartaceous, up to 21 cm. long and 7.4 cm.
wide. Inflorescence short, up to 12 (rarely 17) cm. long, concealed at base by 1 or
2 conspicuous conduplicate spathes which are up to 8 cm. long. Flowers about 7
or less, very large, white with spreading segments, disposed in a subumbellate
cluster near the apex of the peduncle. Pedicels up to 12 cm. long. Dorsal sepal
narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, up to 4.8 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
very similar, oblique. Petals similar to the lateral sepals but slightly smaller , Lip
a little shorter than the other segments, with the claw entirely adnate to the col-
umn; lamina ovate, entire to obscurely 3-lobed, long-acuminate, broadly rounded
to subcordate at base, acutely bicallose at base with a thickened or elevated cen-
tral line, up to about 4 cm. long. Column gradually dilated upward, up to 2.5
cm. long.

Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Tanamayo, 2,000 m., on moist
slope, Vargas 11651. Also Venezuela (type) and Nicaragua.

Epidendrum lanioides Schltr., Fedde Repert. 12: 489. 1913.

Plant epiphytic, up to 14.5 cm. high, with a creeping, many-jointed rhizome.
Stems slender to narrowly cylindric or fusiform (fide Schltr.), up to 4.5 cm. long,
bifoliate at the apex (with one leaf often much reduced), concealed by about 2
membranaceous, marcescent sheaths. Leaves linear, obtuse, up to 8 cm. long and
8 mm. wide. Racemes slender, laxly several-flowered, erect, almost equaling the
leaves. Flowers small, yellowish, with spreading segments. Dorsal sepal linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, up to 5.9 mm. long, nearly 1 mm. wide. Lateral sepals very
obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, about as long as the dorsal sepal and twice as wide.
Petals filiform, slightly shorter than the sepals. Lip nearly as long as the sepals,
claw entirely adnate to the column; lamina sharply 3-lobed, about 3 mm. long,

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 39

with a deeply 3-lobed callus at base; lateral lobes aliform, acuminate, cordate at
base; mid-lobe subequal, narrowly triangular, acuminate, porrect. Column rela-
tively large, dilated upward, about 3.2 mm. long.

Cuzco: Machu-Picchu, on rocks of mountain slope just below
ruins, Correll & Smith P. 275. Bolivia (type).

Epidendrum Lechleri Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 38. 1876.

An examination of the type shows that the lip is simple and the
species is represented by the taxon described as E. nephroglossum
Schltr. (Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 89. 1921), which is therefore a
synonym.

Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, Marcapata, 3,200 m., on rocks,
Vargas 16565. Huancavelica: Prov. of Tayacaja, district of Hua-
chocolpa, above Marcavalle, 3,000 m., flowers yellow, Tovar 4.770.
Also Bolivia, as E. Evelynae Reichb. f.

Epidendrum Lehmannii Reichb. f., Otia Bot. Hamb. 1: 11.
1878. E. euspathum Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 182. 1905.

Epidendrum leucochilum Kl., Allgem. Gartenz. 11: 145. 1843.

Plant large, robust, up to 8 dm. tall. Stems stout, entirely concealed by
mostly leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves numerous, distichous, spreading, lanceolate-
elliptic to elliptic (rarely obovate-elliptic), acute to obtuse, sessile at the more or
less narrowed, clasping base, up to 30 cm. long and nearly 10 cm. wide, chartaceous.
Inflorescence subequaling the leaves; peduncle commonly 12 cm. or less long,
mostly or wholly concealed by a conspicuous conduplicate spathe; raceme erect or
arcuate, laxly 5- to 15-flowered. Flowers large, long-pedicelled (with pedicels up
to 11 cm. long), green or yellow often with a white lip and column. Dorsal sepal
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3.2-4 cm. long, about 7 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
obliquely and narrowly lanceolate, about as long as the dorsal sepal but somewhat
broader. Petals elliptic-linear, about as long as the sepals but narrower. Lip with
the claw entirely adnate to the column, about 2.5 cm. long; lamina deeply 3-lobed,
up to 2 cm. wide across the lateral lobes, bicallose at base with a central ridge;
lateral lobes variable, round-oval to round-flabellate with margins entire; mid-lobe
more or less narrowly lanceolate, acute. Column large, arcuate, much dilated
above, about 2 cm. long.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Pomacochas road, Km. 318^ (E.
of Olmos) between Pomacochas and Rio Utcubamba, in deep for-
ested gorge, 1,810 m., Hutchison & Wright 3933. Also Venezuela
(type) and Colombia.

Epidendrum lineare Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
1: 249. 1798. E. luteo-roseum A. Rich. & Gal., Comptes Rend. Acad.
Sci. Par. 18: 512. 1844, nomen; Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3: 3: 19. 1845.

40 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Plant epiphytic, with a creeping rhizome, about 6 dm. or less tall. Pseudo-
bulbs more or less approximate, elongate-ovoid (often indistinct in the dried speci-
men), up to 8 cm. long, entirely concealed by several imbricating, membranaceous
sheaths, bearing 3 to 5 leaves near the summit. Leaves approximate, linear, acute,
sessile at the clasping base, up to 28 cm. long and 9 mm. wide. Inflorescence more
or less surpassing the leaves, up to 35 cm. tall, loosely paniculate with numerous
ascending, few-flowered branches. Flowers small, long-pedicelled, green sometimes
suffused with brown or rose-yellow. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate, acute or apiculate,
about 7.5-12 mm. long and 2.3 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but slightly
smaller, oblique. Petals linear-spatulate, acute or obtuse, 12 mm. or less long.
Lip adnate to the column up to near the apex; lamina simple, oblong-obovate,
lightly retuse at the broad apex, about 6-12 mm. long and 4-5 mm. wide above,
bicallose at base, traversed by 5 longitudinal, wrinkled keels.

Huanuco: Chinchao, Muna & Huassa-huassi, in open woods, on
trees and rocks, Pavdn s.n. (type). Junin: Chanchamayo, Moore
C-210. Also Mexico (type of E. luteo-roseum) , Guatemala, Honduras
and Venezuela.

Epidendrum maculatum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et
Chil. 1: 243 1798. =E. Teuscherianum Hawkes, Orquidea 18: 173
1956, notE. maculatum Aubl., 1775.

Epidendrum Moritzii Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 837. 1849.

Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, with a branched rhizome. Stems approximate,
fleshy-thickened, altogether concealed by several imbricating, tubular, marcescent
sheaths, up to 10 cm. long, 1- to rarely 3-foliate near the apex. Leaves narrowly
oblong to linear, obtuse to subacute, sessile at the slightly narrowed clasping base,
6-14 cm. long, rarely up to 1.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence much surpassing the leaves,
up to 40 cm. long, arcuate or pendent, racemose and densely many-flowered above,
the peduncle more or less concealed by 1 or 2 long, narrow, compressed sheaths.
Flowers membranaceous, yellow-green or yellowish cream-color, sometimes with a
pink flush. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, acute, 11-15 mm. long, about 2.5 mm.
wide. Lateral sepals very obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, about as long
as the dorsal sepal but wider. Petals filiform to narrowly linear-oblanceolate,
about as long as the sepals. Lip a little shorter than the other segments, the claw
entirely adnate to the column; lamina deeply 3-lobed, ovate in outline, cordate at
base; lateral lobes semiovate or aliform, acute or obtuse, more or less denticulate
on the margin; mid-lobe ligulate to oblong-spatulate, acute; disc with 3 calli at
base. Column stout, slightly dilated above.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 19 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 3,100 m., spikes about 2.5 cm.
in diameter, Hutchison & Wright 4856. Also Venezuela (type) and
Colombia.

Epidendrum moyobambae Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1: 185. 1905.=
E. coronatum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 242.
1798.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 41

Epidendrum muricatum Reichb. f., Bonpl. 4: 327. 1856. = E.
Goodspeedianum Hawkes, Orquidea 18: 170. 1956, not E. muri-
catum Poir. 1810.

Epidendrum nephroglossum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 89.
1921. =E. Lechleri Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 38. 1876.

Epidendrum odontospathum Reichb. f., Xen. Orch. 3: 23.
1878. E. refractoides C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
11:114. fig., 1943.

Epidendrum Peperomia Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 20. 1854. E.
Porpax Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 220. 1855, not 1865.

Epidendrum peruvianum Hawkes, Orquidea 18: 172. 1956.
E. biflorum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 247. 1798,
not Forst. f., 1786.

Epidendrum Philippii Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 840. 1849. E.
refractoides C. Schweinf., var. humile C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 16: 13. 1953.

Epidendrum Porpax Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 220. 1855, not 1865.=
E. Peperomia Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 20. 1854.

Epidendrum porquerense Lehm. & Kranzl., Engler Bot.
Jahrb. 26: 461. 1899.

Plant small, epiphytic, with a creeping rhizome. Stems more or less approxi-
mate, linear-cylindric, entirely concealed by close, imbricating, membranaceous
sheaths, unifoliate at the apex, 3-7.5 cm. high. Leaf very narrowly linear, chan-
nelled, acute, up to 16.2 cm. long and (rarely) 3 mm. wide. Raceme short, loosely
few-flowered, much shorter than the leaf, about 5 cm. or less long. Flowers large
for the plant, greenish-yellow or cream-yellow. Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate,
long-acuminate, up to 1.4 cm. long and 1.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely
lanceolate, a little longer and wider than the dorsal sepal. Petals narrowly linear,
distinctly shorter than the sepals. Lip with claw entirely adnate to the column,
shorter than the sepals; lamina deeply 3-lobed, cordate below, bicallose at base,
about 7 mm. or less long; lateral lobes rounded -dolabriform; mid-lobe narrowly
triangular, long-acuminate.

Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Moore T. 120. Also Colombia (type).

Epidendrum reflexilobum C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 11: 112, fig. 1943. = E. tricarinatum Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1917)
81.

42 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Epidendrum refractoides C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 11: 114, fig., 1943. =E. odontospathum Reichb. f. Xen.
Orch. 3: 23. 1878. Also Bolivia (type of E. odontospathuni) .

Epidendrum refractoides C. Schweinf. var. humile C. Schweinf.,
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 16: 13. 1953. =E. Philippii Reichb.
f., Linnaea22:840. 1849.

Epidendrum renilabium Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 84.
1921; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 92, nr. 361. 1929.

Plant very stout, up to 2 m. tall. Stem thick, often branching above, distich-
ously many-leaved, entirely concealed by loose leaf-sheaths. Leaves oblong to
elliptic-oblong, rounded and often retuse at the apex, sessile at the clasping base,
up to 11 cm. long and 3.6 cm. wide (commonly much smaller). Raceme terminal,
short, densely many-flowered, 4-10 cm. long, nodding in course of development,
with a very short or wanting peduncle. Flowers medium-sized, rather fleshy, pale
yellow-green. Dorsal sepal elliptic, acute, about 12 mm. long and 7 mm. wide.
Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, slightly larger than the
dorsal sepal. Petals elliptic-obovate, broadly rounded at the apex, a little shorter
than the dorsal sepal but about as wide. Lip with claw entirely adnate to the col-
umn below; lamina simple, broadly reniform, cordate at base, emarginate to bi-
lobed at the apex, about 13 mm. long on each side and 18 mm. wide; disc with
a pair of conspicuous carinate calli below.

Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba, 18 km. above Canchaque, on road
to Huancabamba, 2,150 m., Hutchison & Wright 6560; Same locality,
22 km. above Canchaque, 2,300 m., Hutchison & Wright 6571. Also
Ecuador (type).

Epidendrum Sanderi Hawkes, Orquidea 18: 178. 1956. E.
grandiflorum Lindl., Hook. Journ. Bot. 3: 86. 1841, not Poir. 1810,
nor Kunth 1822.

Epidendrum satyrioides Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 123. 1788. =
lonopsis satyrioides (Sw.) Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 683. 1863.

Epidendrum secundum Jacq. Enum. PL Carib. 29. 1760.
E. corymbosum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 246.
1798. E. dichotomum Presl Rel. Haenk. Liv. 2: 101. 1827. E. xanthi-
num Lindl., Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 18, no. 11. 1844. E. cochlidium
Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist. 4: 382. 1840. E. gracilicaule Reichb. f. &
Warsc., Bonpl. 2: 111. 1854. E. xytriophorum Reichb. f. & Warsc.,
Bonpl. 2: 112. 1854. E. incisum Reichb. f. & Warsc. Bonpl. 2: 112.
1854. E. Giroudianum Reichb. f., Bonpl. 4: 327. 1856. Other syno-
nyms cited under E. dichotomum Presl.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 43

Epidendrum Sophronitis Linden & Reichb. f., Gard. Chron.
(1867) 655; Reichb f., Xen. Orch. 2: 160, t. 167, fig. I, 1. 1870.

Plant dwarf, with a stout creeping rhizome. Pseudobulbs small, ovoid, about
1.3 cm. long, bearing 1-3 leaves. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, oblong or oval, acute
to broadly obtuse and rounded at the apex, about 4.5-7.6 cm. long, up to 3.3 cm.
wide, glaucous green above, purple beneath, very fleshy. Inflorescence an abbre-
viated, 1- to 3-flowered raceme. Flowers very large for the plant, with spreading
segments. Sepals and petals white, pale green or greenish yellow, streaked with
purple or maroon, lip green, heavily marked with purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, recurved, 2-3.5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Lateral sepals
obliquely lanceolate-triangular or ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, about as long
as the dorsal sepal but commonly broader. Petals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
markedly smaller than the sepals. Lip with claw adnate to the short stout column ;
lamina broadly ovate, rounded at base, long narrowed or abruptly contracted
above to a triangular, acuminate apex, about 2-2.5 cm. long and 1-2 cm. wide.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, 5 km. north of north end of Lake
Pomacocha, on road to Rioja, 2,000 m., Hutchison & Wright 6810.
Junin: Chanchamayo, 1,380 m., flowers cream-color with close deep
wine spots, Moore C-60. Oxapampa, Steumplfle s.n. Also Ecuador
(type).

Epidendrum spectatissimum Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 68. 1855.

Plant very large, up to 12 dm. tall, terrestrial. Stems stout, distichously
many-leaved, entirely concealed by leaf-sheaths which waste into fibres below.
Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic, acute to obtuse, clasping at the sessile base, up
to 27.5 cm. long and 8.6 cm. wide in specimens seen. Inflorescence subequaling
the upper leaves, a nodding, densely many-flowered raceme, the peduncle con-
cealed by a cluster of several large, conduplicate, imbricating spathes. Flowers
large, long-pedicelled, the pedicellate ovary up to 13 cm. long. Sepals and petals
white soon turning to pale lemon-yellow or dull cream-yellow with white lip and
column. Sepals spreading, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 4-5 cm. long and
4 mm. wide. Petals elliptic-linear, a little smaller than the sepals. Lip with claw
entirely adnate to the column; lamina deeply 3-lobed, bicallose at base, 2-3 cm.
long; lateral lobes obliquely rounded-dolabriform; mid-lobe narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate. Column gradually much dilated above, up to 2.4 cm. long.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 42 km.
below summit on west side, above Balsas, about Km. 360J >, terres-
trial on steep, exposed, rocky slopes in xerophytic zone, 1,900 m.,
Hutchison & Wright 7008. Also Colombia (type) and Ecuador.

Epidendrum stenopetalum Hook., Bot Mag. 62: t. 3410. 1835.

Plant epiphytic, caespitose. Stem stout, flexuous, slightly tapering at both
ends, distichously several- Cup to 11-) leaved above the base, entirely concealed
by close tubular sheaths, longitudinally grooved in age, up to 40 cm. long. Leaves
linear or lanceolate-linear, abruptly obtuse and minutely bilobed at the apex, ses-

44 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

sile with a clasping base, up to 12.8 cm. long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescences 1 or
more, abbreviated, few-flowered, racemose. Flowers medium-sized, lilac to pink
or rose-purple. Dorsal sepal lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
up to 15 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals ovate-lanceolate, about as long
as the dorsal sepal but somewhat broader. Petals elliptic, acute, slightly longer
and noticeably broader than the sepals. Lip broadly obovate, free from the col-
umn, retuse and sometimes apiculate, cuneate below with a small white callus, up
to 19 mm. long and 13 mm. wide. Column short, with a pair of erect triangular
wings at the apex.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, between Campomiento Santa Rosa
(Km. 247) and Quebrada Amajao (Km. 250), canyon of Rio Mara-
non, below Milagro on the Mesones-Muro Highway, about 400 m.,
Hutchison 154-2. Also Mexico and Central America, the West Indies
(Jamaica, type) and South America to Brazil.

Epidendrum subliberum C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 144, t. 44. 1952. = Scaphyglottis sublibera (C. Schweinf.)
Dressier, Taxon 13: 247. 1964.

Epidendrum sulcatum Ames Orch. 7: 99. 1922

Plant large, sprawling, epiphytic. Stems loosely branching with slender, sub-
erect branches, entirely concealed by close tubular leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous,
loosely distichous, oblong-linear, acute, clasping at the sessile base, up to 9 cm.
long and 7 mm. wide, mostly deciduous in the lower part of the stem and branches.
Inflorescence solitary, nodding or arcuate, much surpassing the leaves; peduncle
up to 13 cm. long, clasped below by a close, narrow, tubular spathe; raceme many-
flowered, up to 15 cm. long. Flowers medium-sized, greenish yellow or pale green
often tinged with lilac. Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about 13 mm.
long and 3 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely elliptic-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
slightly longer than the dorsal sepal and conspicuously broader. Petals linear,
acute, slightly broader above, shorter than the sepals. Lip somewhat shorter than
the sepals, with the claw entirely adnate to the column; lamina deeply 3-lobed,
cordate at base, about 6.4 mm. long in the middle, bicallose at base; lateral lobes
semiorbicular-dolabriform, with irregularly denticulate margins, mid-lobe ovate-
subquadrate to ligulate, abruptly triangular-acute. Column rather long, dilated
above, bisulcate on the back, about 7 mm. long at the back.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., Hutchison & Ben-
nett 4.680. Also Colombia (type).

Epidendrum Teuscherianum Hawkes, Orquidea 18: 173. 1956.
E. maculatum Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 243: 1798
not Aubl., 1775.

Epidendrum tipuloideum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Epidendrum 32,
no. 98. 1853.

9CHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 45

Plant small, epiphytic, variable, 17 cm. or less tall. Stems caespitose on an
abbreviated rhizome, slenderly clavate, 2-jointed, invested by close scarious
sheaths, up to 8 cm. high, 1- or 2-leaved near the apex. Leaves linear (rarely
oblong- or elliptic-linear), acute, sessile at the clasping base, up to 20 cm. long and
1.8 cm. wide (usually much smaller). Inflorescence a short, few-flowered, lax ra-
ceme, the rachis up to 6 cm. long. Flowers small, pale green to yellow. Dorsal
sepal oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, 9.3-
12 mm. long, 2-3.8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate-lanceolate or ellip-
tic-lanceolate, acuminate, a little longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals
linear, elliptic-linear or linear-oblanceolate, acute, shorter than the sepals. Lip
shorter than the sepals, with the claw entirely adnate to the column; lamina deeply
3-lobed, cordate at base, bicallose below, 5-6 mm. long, 3-6 mm. wide across the
lateral lobes; lateral lobes semiorbicular-dolabriform, with the margins more or
less irregularly erose; mid-lobe subequal to the lateral lobes or larger, narrowly
triangular to subquadrate, acute and apiculate or shortly acuminate. Column
short, dilated upward, up to 6.4 mm. long.

Cuzco: Prov. of Quispicanchis, before Ttio Marcapata Valley,
1,850 m., on rocks, Vargas 17118 (Plant small throughout). Hua-
nuco, Prov. of Huanuco, Capamento Boza, between Pumahuassi
and Divisoria, about 1,000 m., Asplund 13239. Also Venezuela
(type) and Trinidad.

Epidendrum tricarinatum Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1917) 81. E. re-
flexilobum C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 112,
fig., 1943.

Epidendrum Vespa Veil. Fl. Flum. Ic. 9: t. 27. 1827. E. crassi-
labium Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: I, t. 102. 1837-38.
E. Feddeanum Kranzl., Fedde Repert. 1:188. 1905. Other synonyms
cited under E. crassilabium Poepp. & Endl.

Epidendrum xanthinum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 18, no. 11.
1844. = E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760.

Epidendrum xytriophorum Reichb. f. & Warsc., Bonpl. 2: 112.
1854. =E. secundum Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 29. 1760.

Epidendrum yatapuense Barb.-Rodr. Vellosia 1, ed. 2: 123. 1891.
= E. compressum Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. Is. 617. 1864.

Epidendrum yauaperyense Barb. Rodr., Vellosia 1, ed. 2
(1891) 122; Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5, 46, t. 10, fig. 1 (1898).

Plant medium-sized, with an abbreviated rhizome. Pseudobulbs congested,
oblong-conic, 2-15 cm. high, bifoliate at the apex. Leaves linear, acute, about
4-7 dm. long, 1-5 cm. wide. Inflorescence about equaling or slightly surpassing
the leaves, loosely paniculate with few, laxly several-flowered branches above.
Flowers medium-sized. Sepals and petals green. Dorsal sepal elliptic-lanceolate,

46 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

acute, about 1.9-2 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, slightly
larger. Petals elliptic-oblanceolate, somewhat shorter than the sepals and often
a little broader. Lip free, deeply 3-lobed, about 1.5 cm. long; lateral lobes obliquely
triangular-oblong, obtuse; mid-lobe larger, ovate, acute, shortly unguiculate; disc
below with a large sulcate callus which is prolonged-apiculate in front, and
with several close verrucose ridges, white and yellow with pink or purplish lines.
Column short, biauriculate above, about 6.5 mm. long.

Loreto: Habitat not cited, Moore 9090. Brazil (Alto Amazonas,
type).

Laelia undulata (Lindl.) L. Wms., Darwiniana 5: 76. 1941.
Schomburgkia undulata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 30, Misc. 13, no. 21. 1844;
31: t. 53. 1845.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, Canyon of Rio Maranon, sepals
ochre, lip pink, Hutchison 1540; Same locality, between Santa Rosa
and Magdalena, below Milagro on the Mesones-Muro Highway,
about 400 m., Hutchison 1570. Also Venezuela (type of Schomburg-
kia undulata), Trinidad, Colombia and Bolivia.

Brassavola retusa Lindl., Bot. Reg. 33: sub t. 20. 1847. With-
ner, Orchidata 7, No. 6: 234, t., 1968.

Plant medium-sized. Stem slender, gradually enlarged upward, about 7 cm.
long, concealed by imbricating, papery sheaths. Leaf solitary, apparently linear-
terete, slightly curved, obtuse, about 19.5 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. Inflorescence
solitary, terminal, 1-flowered; peduncle about 7 cm. long; pedicellate ovary stout,
about 6.5 cm. long. Flower small for the genus. Sepals and petals greenish white,
lip white. Dorsal sepal oblong-oblanceolate, acute, about 2.3 cm. long. Lateral
sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate, about as long as the dorsal sepal but wider,
acute. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but slightly smaller, oblique. Lip oblong-
obovate, indistinctly lobulate in the middle of each side, cuneate below, subtrun-
cate in front with a sharp point in the middle, about 2.2 cm. long and 1.35 cm.
wide; disc with a low central keel throughout.

Northern Peru probably, Moore s.n. Also Venezuela ("Mara-
caybo") type.

This description was prepared from a drawing with notes by
Dr. Carl L. Withner, Orchidata 7, no. 6: 234. 1968.

Scaphyglottis affinis Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 59,
t. 99-A. 1836. Ponera affinis Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 22. 1854. Maxil-
laria affinis (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40, 527. 1962.
Also Colombia.

Scaphyglottis leucantha Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 856. 1849. = S.
graminifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen ac Sp. 1: 59,

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 47

t. 99 B. 1836. This concept is characterized by shorter and broader
leaves than in the usual form of S. graminifolia, but the floral parts
seem to be indistinguishable.

Scaphyglottis parviflora Poepp & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 58,
t. 97. 1836. = Maxillaria parviflora (Peopp. & Endl.) Garay, Bot.
Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 21, No. 9: 258. 1967.

Scaphyglottis pendula Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 58,
t. 98. 1836. = Maxillaria ramosa Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peru
et Chil. 1: 226. 1798, fide L. A. Garay.

Scaphyglottis sublibera (C. Schweinf.) Dressier, Taxon 13:
247. 1964. Epidendrum subliberum C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 15: 144, t. 44. 1952.

Scaphyglottis Tafallae Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 855. 1849. = Maxil-
laria ramosa Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil 1: 226. 1798,
fide L. A. Garay.

Ponera affinis Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 22 1854. Maxillaria affinis,
(Peopp. & Endl.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40. 527. 1862.

Ponera pleurostachys Linden & Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 282 1854. =
Orleanesia pleurostachys (Linden & Reichb. f.) Garay & Dun-
sterv. Venez. Orch. Illustr. 3: 228. 1965.

Orleanesia pleurostachys (Linden & Reichb. f.) Garay &
Dunsterv. Venez. Orch. Illustr. 3: 228, t., 1965. Ponera pleuro-
stachys Linden & Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 282. 1854. Orleanesia Pradei
Schweinf. & Garay, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. Rio. 12: 182, figs. 1-3. 1952.

Plant large, up to more than 1 m. tall, epiphytic. Stems clustered, elongate-
fusiform, distichously many-leaved, entirely concealed by close, gray, tubular leaf-
sheaths, up to about 40 cm. tall. Leaves numerous, elliptic-oblong to oblong-
linear, broadly obtuse, bilobulate and apiculate at the apex, clasping at the base,
up to 22 cm. long and 2.4 cm. wide, fleshy. Inflorescence terminal, up to 62 cm.
long, entirely concealed by numerous, close, tubular sheaths, paniculate above with
remote, short, spreading, few- to many-flowered branches. Flowers rather large,
greenish yellow to pink. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 12-
13 mm. long, 4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, a little shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal, acute and mucronate.
Petals obliquely and narrowly oblanceolate, acute, slightly shorter than the sepals
but much narrower. Lip simple, oblong-obovate, broadly rounded, rounded-sub-
truncate or bilobulate and minutely apiculate in front, rounded at the sessile base,
8.2-10 mm. long, 5.5-7 mm. wide above. Column short and broad, arcuate,
broadly winged toward the base, about 7.2-8.5 mm. long at the back.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, canyon of Rio Maranon, below Milaf
gro on the Mesones-Muro Highway, Rentema, Km. 243, east o-

48 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Olmos, Hutchison 15^1 (flowers pink). Also Venezuela (type of
Orleanesia Pradei) and Colombia (type of Ponera pleurost achys) .

Orleanesia Pradei Schweinf. & Garay, Arquiv. Jard. Bot. 12: 182,
figs. 1-3. 1952. =O. pleurostachys (Linden & Reichb. f.) Garay &
Dunsterv. Venez. Orch. Illustr. 3: 228. 1965. Ponera pleurostachys
Linden & Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 282. 1854.

Isochilus graminifolius HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 340, t. 78. 1816.
= Maxillaria graminifolia (HBK.) Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 538.
1863.

Galeandra pubicentrum C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 11:
429, 1. 12. 1943. = G. Stangeana Reichb. f., Bonpl. 4: 323. 1856.

Bletia ciliata Presl Rel. Haenk. 1, Livr. 2: 99. 1827. = Sobralia
ciliata C. Schweinf. comb. nov. supra.

Bletia ensiformis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1:
230. 1798. =Epidendrum cyperifolium C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus.
Lean. Harvard Univ. 16: 10. 1953.

Chysis aurea Lindl., Bot. Reg. 23: t. 1937. 1837. San Martin:
Habitat not cited, 800 m., semi-terrestrial on rotten log, in medium
light and temperature, "flowers cream with slight yellow and pink
castings," Moore 1060. Also Mexico, through Central America to
Venezuela (type) and Colombia.

Bulbophyllum bracteosum C. Schweinf. sp. nov.

Herba magna, epiphytica. Pseudobulbus oblongo-conicus, unifoliatus. Fo-
lium lanceolato-oblongum, sessile, basi cuneatum. Inflorescentia basalis, folium
cum pseudobulbo subaequans; pedunculus vaginis pluribus, remotis, brevibus,
tubulatis ornatus; racemus brevis, dense multiflorus. Florum bracteae conspicuae,
ovato-oblongae, imbricantes. Flores minuti, carnosi. Sepala campanulato- con-
niventia, oblongo-ovata, acuta; sepala lateralia obliqua, et videtur omnino con-
nata. Petala multo minora, linearia, apice rotundata. Labellum carnosissimum,
valde recurvum, ovatum, longitudinaliter sulcatum.

Plant large, epiphytic, more than 30 cm. tall. Roots fibrous, elongate, gla-
brous. Pseudobulb oblong-conic, about 5 cm. long, unifoliate, apparently com-
planate. Leaf lanceolate-oblong, sessile, about 27 cm. long (apical portion incom-
plete), cuneate below, about 3.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence basal, about equaling
the leaf together with the pseudobulb, spreading; peduncle stout, abruptly nod-
ding at the apex, about 33 cm. long, provided with 7 remote, short, tubular sheaths
which are about 2 cm. long; raceme short, densely many-flowered, about 7 cm.
long (immature in the type). Floral bracts prominent, imbricating, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, up to 16 mm. long, and 6 mm. wide. Flowers minute, very fleshy. Sepals
campanulate-connivent. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, concave, acute, about 5.2 mm.
long and 3 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, entirely connate into a semi-

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 49

orbicular-ovate, concave lamina which is about as long as the dorsal sepal and
5 mm. wide. Petals much smaller than the sepals, submembranaceous, linear,
rounded at the apex, abruptly dilated into a fleshy-thickened base, about 2 mm.
long and 0.6 mm. wide. Lip very fleshy, ovate, strongly recurved, longitudinally
sulcate, obtuse, about 2.8 mm. long and 2 mm. wide.

Cuzco: Prov. of Convenci6n, Choquellowanca, 1,500 meters,
August 1959, C. Vargas C. 12974- (Type in Herb. Ames No. 090574.)

Bulbophyllum pachyrrhachis (A. Rich.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W.
Ind. Is. 613. 1864, as Bolbophyllum pachyrrhachis. Pleurothallis
pachyrachis A. Rich., La Sagra Hist. Nat. Isl. Cub. 11: 234, t. 74.
1850.

Plant medium-sized, with a slender or stout creeping rhizome, epiphytic.
Pseudobulbs 4 cm. or less apart on the rhizome, ovoid-conic, 4-angled, bifoliate
at the apex, up to 5 cm. long. Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong to linear-oblanceo-
late, acute to obtuse, cuneate at the sessile base, rarely up to 19.5 cm. long and
3 cm. wide. Inflorescence basal, more or less surpassing the leaves, erect to spread-
ing or arcuate, about 10-57 cm. long; peduncle slender to stout, provided with
numerous short, tubular, remote sheaths; raceme about 9-21 cm. long with a stout,
more or less swollen rachis. Flowers numerous, very small, more or less dense,
quaquaversal, greenish yellow spotted with purple or wine-color. Dorsal sepal
lanceolate-ovate, caudate-acuminate, strongly cucullate, about 4.5-6 mm. long.
Lateral sepals similar but slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal, sub-
oblique, adnate to the column-foot. Petals much smaller than the sepals, ovate-
oblong, rounded at the apex, up to 2 mm. long. Lip very fleshy, arcuate-recurved,
triangular in section, ovate-oblong, sulcate above, obtuse, about 2.5 mm. long and
1.2 mm. wide. Column abbreviated, 3-toothed at the apex with the lateral teeth
longer, extended into a prominent foot. Ovary with 2 bracteoles extending into
triangular points between the dorsal and lateral sepals.

Loreto: Habitat not cited, flowers cream-color with a maroon lip,
Moore 8040. Aso Florida (one station), Mexico to Panama, the
West Indies (Cuba, type of Pleurothallis pachyrachis), Amazonas,
and Bolivia.

Buesiella pusilla C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 153, t. 48. 1952. = Rusbyella pusilla (C. Schweinf.) Garay,
Caldasia 10, no. 47: 237. 1968.

Cyrtopodium naiguatae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 6: 43. 1919. =
Cyrtopodium paniculatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8,
no. 40: 524. 1962.

Cyrtopodium paniculatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8,
no. 40; 524. 1962. Maxillaria paniculata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl.
Peruv. et Chil. 1: 223. 1798. Cyrtopodium naiguatae Schltr. Fedde
Repert Beih. 6: 43. 1919.

50 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Plant robust, apparently about 8 dm. or more high. Pseudobulbs oblong-
conic, 4- to 6-leaved, entirely concealed by several broad, imbricating sheaths,
about 10-13 cm. high. Leaves oblong-linear, acuminate, clustered and immature
at the time of flowering. Scape lateral, stout, up to 80 cm. tall; peduncle up to
60 cm. tall, provided with several remote, short, close, tubular sheaths; inflores-
cence loosely paniculate, with 4 or 5 spreading, loosely flowered branches. Floral
bracts conspicuous, ovate to elliptic or oval, acuminate with undulate margins,
about 4 cm. or less long, subequaling the slender pedicellate ovary. Flowers me-
dium-sized, yellow and brown or reddish brown. Sepals with strongly undulate
margins. Dorsal sepal elliptic to oval, obtuse or subacute, about 17 mm. long and
9 mm. wide. Lateral sepals very similar. Petals elliptic-obovate, slightly oblique,
somewhat undulate on the margins, a little shorter than the sepals. Lip slightly
shorter than the rest of the perianth, about 13 mm. long including the short nar-
row claw, deeply 3-lobed, about 19 mm. wide across the lateral lobes; lamina
broadly and transversely ovate in outline, subcordate at base, with a prominent
subquadrate, verrucose, somewhat bilobed callus between the lateral lobes; lateral
lobes conspicuous, oval-dolabriform; mid-lobe flabellate-semiorbicular or broadly
reniform, bilobulate in front, the rounded anterior margins with numerous verru-
cose thickenings. Column small, dilated above, about 6 mm. long, produced into
a narrow foot.

Huanuco: Pillao, on mountains and in rocky places, Pavdn s.n.
(type of Maxillaria paniculata). Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba,
between Sondor and Sondorillo, 1,950 m., Hutchison 1587. Also
Colombia and Venezuela.

Catasetum Moorei C. Schweinf. sp. nov.

Herba magna, spectabilis, epiphytica, cum rhizomate repenti, gracili, lignoso.
Pseudobulbi subapproximati, in sicco anguste cylindracei vel subfusiformes, pluri-
articulati, vaginis foliiferis, imbricantibus juventute celati, folia quinque gerentes.
Folia anguste oblanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata, in petiolum indis-
tinctum sensim angustata, plicata. Inflorescentia lateralis, arcuata, ut videtur
folia paulo superans, superne laxe multiflora. Flores grandes. Sepala valde similia,
elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica, acuta vel acuminata. Petala ovato-elliptica,
acuminata, sepalis paulo breviora sed latiora. Labellum simplex, rotundato-
ovatum, subobtusum, basi late rotundatum, lateribus incurvis. Columna arcuata,
apice longe rostrata, cum antennis longis symmetricis gracilibus.

Plant large and showy, epiphytic, with a slender, woody rhizome. Roots
coarse and stout, glabrous. Pseudobulbs subapproximate to 2 cm. apart, narrowly
cylindric to fusiform in the dried specimen, 3- to 5-jointed, entirely concealed in
youth by membranaceous, distichously imbricating leaf-bearing sheaths, about
3-10 cm. high, bearing several (5 or more) approximate leaves. Leaves narrowly
oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, gradually narrowed below to an in-
distinct petiole, 3- to 5-nerved, up to 41 cm. long and 6 cm. wide. Inflorescence
somewhat exceeding the leaves, arcuate; peduncle (incomplete) 21.5 cm. long,
provided with 4 or more short, close, tubular sheaths; rachis loosely many-flowered.
Flowers rather large, with spreading segments, chartreuse-yellow with greenish
spots. Dorsal sepal elliptic, concave, acute or acuminate, about 3.5 cm. long
and 1.4 cm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals similar, lanceolate-elliptic,

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 51

acuminate, slightly oblique, about 3.6 cm. long and 1.6 cm. wide. Petals ovate-
elliptic, acuminate, about 3.4 cm. long and 1.7 cm. wide. Lip simple, broadly
round-ovate, with incurved sides, subobtuse, callose-thickened at base, broadly
rounded below, with very minutely denticulate margins, about 2.5 cm. long and
2.6 cm. wide when expanded. Column arcuate, long-rostrate, about 2.1 cm. long
in natural position, with a pair of symmetrical long tendrils.

This species appears to be allied to the Brazilian Catasetum Trulla
Lindl., but it differs in the color of the flowers and very dissimilar lip.

Loreto: Iquitos, Rio Itaya, July 1964, Moore, s.n. (type in Herb.
Ames No. 090575).

Cycnoches Cooperi Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1913) 143.

This species has been designated as C. pentadactylon Lindl. var.
Cooperi Pabst, Orquidea 24, no. 2: 46. 1962.

Cycnoches peruviana Rolfe, Lindenia 7: t. 301. 1891. =C. Eger-
tonianum Batem., Orch. Mex. et Guat. t. 40 (in part) 1842.

This synonymy is according to P. H. Allen, Orch. Journ. 1, no. 9:
350. 1952. (Monograph of Cycnoches.)

Also San Martin: Habitat not cited, 800 m., in medium light and
temperature, flowers yellowish cream-color with greenish red speck-
ling, Moore 1050.

Lueddemannia Pescatorei Linden & Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 281.
1854. L. triloba Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1895) 283. L. Vyvereana Schltr.,
Orchis 6: 113, t. 25, figs. 7-13. 1912.

Lueddemannia triloba Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1895) 283. = L. Pesca-
torei Linden & Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 281. 1854. Dunsterv. & Garay
Venez. Orch. Illustr. 3: 164, t., 1965. Also Colombia (type of L. Pes-
catorei), Venezuela and Ecuador.

Lueddemannia Vyvereana Schltr., Orchis. 6: 113, t. 25, figs. 7-13.
1912. = L. Pescatorei Linden & Reichb. f.

Peristeria guttata Knowl. & Westc. Fl. Cab. 2: 99, t. 70. 1838.

Plant large, showy, epiphytic. Pseudobulbs oblong-ovoid, up to 10 cm. long,
usually trifoliate at the apex. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, gradually
narrowed below to a narrow petiole which is somewhat dilated and sheathing at
the base, up to 60 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, plicate. Scape lateral, short, erect to
pendent, bearing 3 to 9 approximate flowers at the apex. Flowers medium-sized
for the genus, fleshy, pale salmon to cream-color or pale yellow-brown, thickly
covered with reddish purple or maroon spots. Sepals united for about one-fourth
of their length. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, obtuse, about 20-27 mm. long, up to
20 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but a little broader, connate below and adnate

52 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

to the base of the lip. Petals ovate-elliptic, distinctly smaller than the sepals.
Lip jointed forming a hypochile and epichile; hypochile deeply concave, ovate,
adnate to the base of the column; epichile broadly ovate, recurved, with incurved
sides, white, purplish above with maroon stippling, about 15 mm. long and nearly
20 mm. wide when expanded. Column very short and stout, dilated at base, nar-
rowed above, wingless, orange-brown, maroon-spotted.

Loreto: Habitat not cited, flowers cream-color with maroon spots,
Moore 0004- Also Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and Brazil

(type).

Stanhopea anfracta Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 12: 357. 1904.

This species was regarded as distinct by Dr. C. H. Dodson, the
present monographer of the genus Stanhopea, in 1967; not referable
to a small form of S. Wardii Lodd. ex Lindl., as treated in my "Or-
chids of Peru."

Pasco: Prov. of Oxapampa, Palcazu, flowers orange, column
white with purple spots, very fragrant, Woytkowski 31. San Mar-
tin: Zepelacio near Moyobamba, 1,100-1,200 m., epiphyte in forest,
flowers yellow and pale violet, Klug 3617; Same locality, inflorescence
8-flowered, flowers brown-yellow and cream, Klug 3684-

Stanhopea Candida Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 101.
1877. S. Randii Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1894) 363.

Huanuco: Tingo Maria, 670 m., epiphytic on trees, plant 30cm.
high, flowers always in groups of three, white with interior of lip
purple-spotted, Carpenter 122. Loreto: Region of the Maranon,
from Iquitos up to the mouth of the Santiago at the Pongo de Man-
seriche, Tessmann 4984- Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 m., epiphyte,
flowers snow-white dotted with red- violet, Klug 10084, 10110, 10034.
Also Colombia and Brazil (type).

Stanhopea peruviana Rolfe, Bot. Mag. 138: t. 8417. 1912.=
S. florida Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. new ser. 12: 615. 1879, fide
C. H. Dodson.

Stanhopea Randii Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1894) 363. = S. Candida
Barb. Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 101. 1877, fide C. H. Dodson.

Stanhopea Wardii Lodd. ex Lindl. Sert. Orch. t. 20. 1838.

This species was included in my "Orchids of Peru" on the basis
of the Peruvian representatives of S. anfracta Rolfe and S. peruviana
Rolfe which were regarded as synonyms of S. Wardii, but which are
now otherwise treated. See the above treatment.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 53

Stanhopea xytriophora Reichb. f., Card. Chron. (1868) 842.=
S. deltoidea Lem. Illustr. Hortic. 9: sub t. 340. 1862, fide C. H.
Dodson.

Gongora atropurpurea Hook., Exot. Fl. 3: t. 178. 1827.

Plant large, epiphytic. Pseudobulb ovoid (more or less elongate), plurisulcate,
bifoliate, up to 9 cm. long. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to obovate-oblong, acumi-
nate, long-narrowed to a slender, indistinctly-petioled base, up to about 55 cm.
long and 12 cm. wide, plicate, 5-nerved. Inflorescence lateral, slender, erect to
arcuate, rarely up 100 cm. long, loosely many-flowered above. Flowers medium-
sized, red, brown-purple or dark purple, occasionally black-spotted. Dorsal sepal
adnate to the column, oblong-ovate, acute, concave, about 17-21 mm. long and
8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely triangular-ovate, acuminate, rather longer
than the dorsal sepal but much broader. Petals much smaller than the sepals,
long-decurrent on the column, obliquely oblong and incurved above, tapering to
an awned apex. Lip distinctly and narrowly clawed, about 20 mm. long, long-
acuminate, sharply divided into a short hypochile and longer epichile; hypochile
provided at the base with a pair of narrowly oblong, obtuse horns and in front by
2 elongate, long-attenuate bristles; epichile ancipitously semiovate. Column slen-
der, arcuate, extended into a conspicuous foot, about 20 mm. long including
the foot.

Huanuco: Carpish, flowers red, with odor of cinnamon, Woyt-
kowski 8. Loreto: Lower Rio Itaya near Iquitos, about 170 m., in
rain forest, Tessmann 3522. San Martin: Habitat not cited, Moore
9050. Also Tobago, Trinidad (type), Venezuela, and British Guiana.

Gongora maculata Lindl., Bot. Reg. 19: 1. 1616. 1833. = G. quin-
quenervis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 227. 1798.

Gongora nigropunctata Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 99 1921. =
G. atropurpurea Hook. Exot. Fl. 3: t. 178. 1827.

Gongora quinquenervis Ruiz & Pav. var. leucochila (Lindl.)
C. Schweinf., comb. nov. G. maculata Lindl. var. leucochila C.
Schweinf., Fieldiana: Bot. 30, no. 3: 617. 1960.

Huanuco: 7 km. up Rio Monzon from bridge above Tingo Maria,
about 680 meters, Bennett 477.

Gongora truncata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29, Misc. 42, no. 52. 1843.
var. Warscewiczii Regel., Gartenfl. 8: 307, text fig. 1859.

This concept was described as a variety of the Mexican G. trun-
cata from a plant cultivated in the Botanical Garden of St. Peters-
burg and collected in the mountains of Peru.

Pseudobulbs oval, 4-sided, lightly compressed, narrowed above, deeply fur-
rowed, bifoliate. Leaves oval-lanceolate, tapering to an acuminate apex, plicate,

54 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

up to more than 30 cm. long. Inflorescence pendent, 60 cm. long, with very fra-
grant flowers. Flowers rather large, dull yellow with many purple-brown spots.
Dorsal sepal obovate-oblong, acute, about 2.7 cm. long. Lateral sepals about as
long as the dorsal sepal but much broader when the rolled back sides are expanded,
and apparently obliquely rhombic-ovate. Petals (of the type) very minute, tri-
angular. Lip divided into a hypochile and epichile; hypochile with a pair of
prominent, erect, oblong, obtuse lobules and in front with 2 half shorter bristles;
epichile longer than the hypochile, compressed-semiovate, acuminate with a beak-
shaped apex. Column long, arcuate, more than 2 cm. long.

Coryanthes Balfouriana Hort. Sanders, Orch. World 2: 28,
figs. 1911.

This species, while not adequately described, appears from the
figures cited, to be referable to C. biflora Barb.-Rodr.

Coryanthes biflora Barb.-Rodr. Gen et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 103.
1877; Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 511, t. 98. 1902. Coryanthes
punctata.

Plant epiphytic. Pseudobulbs clustered, oblong-conic, attenuated above, bi-
foliate, 6-7 cm. long. Leaves petioled; lamina vary narrowly elliptic-lanceolate,
acute or short-acuminate, narrowed below, about 20 cm. long and 2.5 cm. wide;
petiole short, channelled, 3-5 cm. long. Inflorescence lateral, pendent, robust,
with the peduncle flexuous and provided with several short, remote, appressed
sheaths, loosely 2-flowered above. Flowers large but small for the genus. Dorsal
sepal rhomboid-oblong, with recurved acute apex, citron-yellow, 2-2.5 cm. long.
Lateral sepals much larger, very obliquely semiovate and falcate, about 5.5-6 cm.
long. Petals linear-ligulate, subacute to obtuse, a little longer than the dorsal
sepal, pale yellow. Lip nearly as long as the lateral sepals; hypochile subhemi-
spheric, densely pubescent above, whitish rose; mesochile short, narrow, pubescent
or glabrous with transverse, thick, undulate ridges; epichile larger than the hypo-
chile, deep yellow, thickly purple-spotted within, deeply saccate, subquadrate,
3-toothed at the apex, the lateral teeth being triangular-oblong and uncinate and
the middle tooth ligulate with a truncate apex. Column clavate, about 3 cm. long.

Alto Amazonas, near Manaos, Rodriguez s.n., Martius 2774 in
part.

Dr. L. A. Garay, in Dunsterv. & Garay, Venez. Orch. Illustr. 4:
56, t., 1966, identified a Venezuelan collection as referable to this
species. This collection is a much larger plant throughout than the
type, but is probably referable to C. biflora, judging from the gross
morphology. In this collection the pseudobulbs reach 15 cm. in
length; leaves up to 55 cm. long and 9 cm. broad; flowers pale brown;
dorsal sepal suborbicular, 4 cm. long and 5.5 cm. broad ; lateral sepals
12 cm. long and 8 cm. broad. This collection, as well as the type of
C. biflora, shows a dense pubescence on the outer surface of the
hypochile.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 55

Coryanthes punctata Beer Prakt. Stud. Orch. 222. 1854. = C. bi-
flora Barb.-Rodr. Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. 1: 103. 1877. Also Vene-
zuela and Brazil (type of C. biflora).

Xylobium leontoglossum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe, Gard Chron.
ser. 3, 5: 458. 1889. Maxillaria leontoglossa Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3:
67. 1855. Xylobium gracile Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 92. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57; t. 95, nr. 372. 1929. Xylobium
squalens (Lindl.) Lindl. var. gracile (Schltr.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 198. 1944.

Plant large, epiphytic, up to about 90 cm. high. Pseudobulbs crowded, uni-
foliate, ovoid-ellipsoid, about 5-9 cm. long. Leaf long-petioled; lamina lanceolate-
elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute, cuneate, plicate, about 29-60 cm. long and 3.5-
11 cm. broad; petiole sulcate, 7-18 cm. long. Inflorescence lateral, more or less
erect, up to 37 cm. high; peduncle 25 cm. or less long, provided with 3 or 4 loose,
tubular, remote sheaths; raceme up to 13 cm. long, rather loosely several- to many-
flowered. Floral bracts relatively minute, much shorter than the slender pedicel-
late ovary. Flowers medium-sized, creamy white to golden-yellow with red to
violet spots. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, concave, 14-21 mm. long,
3 mm. or more wide. Lateral sepals oblong-lanceolate, strongly falcate, dilated
into a prominent mentum at base, about as long as the dorsal sepal but wider,
outside with a prominent keel especially above. Petals ligulate, acute, a little
shorter than the sepals and much narrower. Lip slightly shorter than the sepals
and petals, conspicuously 3-lobed with the sides incurved, about 13-15 mm. long
and 5.5 mm. wide just below the middle; lateral lobes semiobovate, rounded-
obtuse; mid-lobe obovate to ovate-rounded, very fleshy, densely verrucose on both
sides; disc with 3 approximate central keels from base to middle. Column short,
semiterete in cross-section, produced into a subequally long foot.

Peru: Habitat not cited, Mathews fide J. D. Hooker. Amazonas:
Prov. of Bongara, 5 km. north of north end of Lake Pomacocha, on
road to Rioja, 2,000 m., flowers cream-color spotted or flecked with
purplish red, Hutchison & Wright 6793. Also Colombia (type of
Maxillaria leontoglossa) and Ecuador (type of Xylobium gracile).

Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 11: sub t. 897. 1825.
= X. variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay & Dunsterv. Venez. Orch.
Illustr. 2: 342, t., 1961. Maxillaria variegata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg.
PI. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 222. 1798.

Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl. var. gracile (Schltr.) C.
Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 198. 1944. =X. leon-
toglossum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 5: 458. 1889.

Xylobium variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay & Dunsterv. Venez.
Orch. Illustr. 2: 342, t., 1961. Maxillaria variegata (Ruiz & Pav.)

56 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 222. 1798. X. squalens (Lindl.)
Lindl. Bot. Reg. 11: sub t. 897. 1825.

Bifrenaria mi nut a Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 18:
206, t. 40. 1958.

Plant small, epiphytic, up to 12 cm. high. Pseudobulbs crowded, ovoid, uni-
foliate, 1.5-2 cm. high. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute,
cuneate below, chartaceous, 8-10 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide; petiole 2-3 cm. long.
Inflorescence lateral, short, 1-flowered, with peduncle up to 1.5 cm. long. Flowers
small. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, about 9 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide.
Lateral sepals obliquely ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, a little longer and broader
than the dorsal sepal. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, acute, slightly shorter and much
narrower than the sepals. Lip rhombic, broadly truncate in front, scarcely callose,
about 10 mm. long and 6 mm. wide. Column short, clavate, extended into a
prominent foot.

San Martin: Habitat not cited, Moore 10110. Also Venezuela
(type).

Lycaste gigantea Lindl., Bot. Reg. 29, Misc. 15, no. 5. 1843. =
L. longipetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40: 524. 1962.
Maxillaria longipetala Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1:
220. 1798.

Lycaste longipetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8: no. 40:
524. 1962. Maxillaria longipetala Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv.
et Chil. 1: 220. 1798. Lycaste gigantea Lindl., Bot. Reg. 29, Misc. 15,
no. 5. 1843.

Lycaste longisepala C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
15: 157, t. 50. 1952. =L. Schilleriana Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 215.
1855. Reichb. f. Refug. Bot. 2: t. 130. 1878.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 5 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, region called "San Miguel,"
2,400 m., sepals and petals dark yellowish, lip orange-red, Hutchi-
son & Bennett 4556. Huanuco: Prov. of Huanuco, Sariapampa,
3,200-3,600 m., "brow of the jungle," Woytkowski 289.

Zygopetalum bicallosum Reichb. f ., Otia Bot. Hamb. 1 : 9. 1878. =
Maxillaria bicallosa (Reichb. f.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40: 527.
1862.

Zygopetalum brachystalix Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 660. 1863. =
Otostylis brachystalix (Reichb. f.) Schltr., Orchis 12: 40, fig. 5.
1918.

Otostylis brachystalix (Reichb. f.) Schltr., Orchis 12: 40, fig. 5.
1918; Ames Orchid. 7: 49, t. 3. 1922. Zygopetalum brachystalix
Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 660. 1863.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 57

Plant large, terrestrial. Pseudobulbs approximate, ovoid-pyriform, about
2 cm. high, concealed by distichous sheaths and the bases of the 3-4 leaves.
Leaves linear-oblanceolate to linear-elliptic, long-acuminate, gradually narrowed
to a slender petioled base, plicate, up to 70 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide. Scape lateral,
basal, up to 107 cm. long in age; peduncle elongate, provided with several remote,
short, tubular sheaths; raceme loosely many-flowered, up to 25 cm. long. Flowers
showy, white with yellow on lip, about 2.5 cm. across when spread out. Dorsal
sepal oblong-elliptic, about 14-18 mm. long and 8-12 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
similar but a little broader. Petals spatulate-elliptic, slightly smaller than the
sepals. Lip 3-lobed, about 9-12 mm. long, with the lateral lobes reduced to trian-
gular, obtuse, incurved auricles; mid-lobe suborbicular to ovate-semiorbicular,
broadly rounded and often apiculate, up to 12 mm. wide; lamina near the base
with a fleshy, semicircular, carunculate callus extending between the lateral lobes.
Column short, about 5 mm. long, with a pair of conspicuous auricles above, pro-
duced into a short foot.

Loreto: Habitat not cited, rare terrestrial in swamp mud, at sea
level, 80-90 temperature, Moore 840. Also Trinidad (type of Zy-
gopetalum brachystalix) , British Guiana, and Venezuela.

Batemannia armillata Reichb. f., Card. Chron. new ser. 3: 780.
1875; Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 3: 40, t. 215, fig. V, 7-15. 1881.

Plant medium-sized, about 25 cm. or less high. Pseudobulbs approximate,
pyriform to oval, four-angled, unifoliate or bifoliate, 3-4.5 cm. high. Leaves lan-
ceolate-elliptic, acute, sessile at the cuneate base, about 15-20 cm. long, apparently
7 cm. or less wide. Inflorescence pendent, loosely 2- to 6-flowered above, about
10-20 cm. long. Segments spreading. Sepals and petals green. Dorsal sepal ellip-
tic-oblong, obtuse, about 1.5 cm. long and 7.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals oblong-
elliptic, acute, about as long as the dorsal sepal but conspicuously narrower. Petals
obliquely oblong-ovate, long-decurrent on the column-foot, a little shorter than
the dorsal sepal but equally broad. Lip deeply 3-lobed, with the basal part erect
and parallel with the column, and the anterior part abruptly deflexed; lateral lobes
relatively small, obliquely oblong-ovate, dentate at the apex, erect-incurved in
natural position; mid-lobe much larger, broadly rhombic, apiculate; disc with a
transverse dentate keel between the lateral lobes, white with yellow at tip. Col-
umn arcuate, denticulate at the apex, produced into a prominent foot.

Peru : Vicinity of Taulis, Steumpfle s.n. Also Colombia (type) .

Stenia guttata Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. new ser. 14: 134. 1880.
The following recent collections of this species from definite local-
ities show slight additions to the flower as described for the type.

Flower brilliant yellow-green thickly spotted with dark red. Dorsal sepal
elliptic-ovate, 20-24 mm. long and 6-8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but
slightly wider below, somewhat oblique. Petals broadly elliptic, acute, a little
shorter than the sepals but much broader. Lip relatively small, 15-17 mm. long.

Huanuco: Prov. of Pachitea, one-half km. from Muna, 1,870
meters, on tree stump in light shade, Bennett s.n.; Near Tingo Maria,

58 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

along Huallaga River, about 800 m., in rather dense shade, Ben-
nett s.n. Pasco: Prov. of Oxapampa, near Yaupi, 2,100 m., on
steep slope, epiphyte in thin scrubby forest, in moderate shade,
Bennett & Northen s.n.

Stenia pallida Lindl., Bot. Reg. 23: sub 1. 1991. 1837; Bot. Reg.
24: t. 20. 1838.

Plant small, epiphytic. Pseudobulbous stems minute, approximate, bearing 1
to 3 leaves. Leaves elliptic to broadly oblanceolate, acute, more or less narrowed
to a petiolate base, plicate, up to 15 cm. long and 4 cm. wide. Inflorescence abbre-
viated, 1-flowered, prostrate, with peduncle up to 6 cm. long. Flower medium-
sized, pale yellow-green or greenish white. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute,
25-35 mm. long, 8-17 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely lanceolate-ovate, acute,
conspicuously larger than the dorsal sepal. Petals similar to the dorsal sepal but
slightly narrower. Lip smaller than the other segments, deeply saccate and form-
ing a boat-shaped lamina triangular-ovate from a broadly rounded, sessile base,
acute, about 20-32 mm. long and wide when spread out; disc with a transverse
multidentate callus near the base, white to yellowish with maroon spots below.
Column short, produced into a short foot.

Huanuco: Prov. of Leoncio Prado, near Tingo Maria, along Hual-
laga River, 800 m., epiphyte, Bennett s.n. Junin: Prov. of Tarma,
near San Ramon, Bennett s.n. San Martin: Locality not cited,
800 m., in deep shade, "flowers white to cream with yellowish cast-
ings/' rare, Moore 1300. Also Trinidad, British Guiana (type), and
Venezuela.

Kefersteinia lojae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 93. 1921.
Chondrorhyncha lojae (Schltr.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Lean". Har-
vard Univ. 11 : 216. 1944.

It now appears that the concept Kefersteinia should be regarded
as separable from the genus Chondrorhyncha.

Kefersteinia mystacina Reichb. f., Card. Chron. new ser. 15:
530. 1881.

Plant small, semiterrestrial, about 16 cm. or less high. Stems minute, approxi-
mate, concealed and surpassed by distichous leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves oblanceo-
late or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, cuneate to a sessile or long-narrowed
base, up to 14 cm. long and about 2.2 cm. wide. Inflorescence lateral, 1-flowered,
short; peduncle slender, about 3 cm. long, with several short sheaths below. Flower
large for the plant. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-lanceolate, more or less acute,
up to 17 mm. long and 5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but somewhat longer
and narrower, lightly oblique, subacute. Petals obliquely ovate-oblong, obtuse or
acute, a little shorter than the dorsal sepal but noticeably broader. Lip simple
with a short narrow claw, about 15 mm. long; lamina ovate-suborbicular in outline,
deeply lacerate-fimbriate except at the cuneate base, apparently about 12-15 mm.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 59

wide; disc with a conspicuous, transverse, semilunate callus below, protruding be-
yond the sides of the lamina. Column short, clavate, about 6 mm. high, with a
short foot.

San Martin: Locality not cited, 800 m., in deep shade, sepals and
petals greenish white to cream-color, lip white or slightly pinkish,
with wine-colored veins, Moore 4020. Out of the Moyobamba area,
Bennett 411- Tumbes: Locality? Bennett s.n. Also Colombia (type).

Kefersteinia pusilla C. Schweinf., comb. nov. Chondrorhyncha
pusilla C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 12: 384, t,, 1944.

Chondrorhyncha fimbriata (Linden & Reichb. f.) Reichb. f. Saund.
Refug. Bot. 2: t. 107. 1878. = Chondrorhyncha flaveola (Linden &
Reichb. f.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 21, no. 9: 256.
1967. Zygopetalum flaveolum Linden & Reichb. f. ex Reichb. f.,
Walp. Ann. 6: 662. 1863.

Maxillaria affinis (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40:
527. 1962. Scaphyglottis affinis Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1:
59, t. 99A. 1836. Ponera affinis Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 22. 1854.

Maxillaria alpestris Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. 154. 1845. Maxil-
laria xantholeuca Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 98. 1921; Mansf.,
Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 97, no. 381. 1929. Maxillaria xantholeuca
Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
11: 293. 1945. Maxillaria trigona C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull.
13:266, t., 1945.

Maxillaria aurea (Poepp. & Endl.) L. Wms. var. gigantea (Lindl.)
C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 263. 1945.=
M. aurea (Poepp. & Endl.) L. Wms.

Maxillaria bicallosa (Reichb. f.) Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40: 527.
1962. Zygopetalum bicallosum Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 1:9. 1878.
Maxillaria caespitosa C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
11:264. 1945.

Maxillaria chartacifolia A. & S., Sched. Orch. 10: 92. 1930.

Plant large, with a more or less abbreviated rhizome, up to over 60 cm. tall.
Pseudobulbs very inconspicuous, complanate, unifoliate, concealed by pairs of
closely imbricating, conduplicate, maculate, leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves nar-
rowly elliptic-oblong to ligulate, acute to acuminate, gradually narrowed to a con-
duplicate narrow base, up to 59 cm. long and 3 cm. wide. Peduncle slender, much
shorter than the leaves, up to 20 cm. long, bearing numerous tubular, marcescent
sheaths. Flowers medium-sized, dull brownish red or purplish red. Dorsal sepal

60 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

elliptic-oblong, acute, about 17.5 mm. long, and 6-8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
similar, ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, lightly oblique. Petals similar
to the dorsal sepal but much shorter, acute to obtuse. Lip oblong-rhombic or
ovate-rhombic with incurved sides, erect, parallel to the column and lightly arcu-
ate-recurved in natural position, cuneate below, acute or subacute at the apex,
about 13-14 mm. long and 6-7.5 mm. wide when expanded; disc with a more or
less distinct central callose thickening through the lower half. Column stout,
arcuate, about 7-8 mm. high at the back.

Puno: Prov. of Carabaya, Hda. Quillabamba to Sangari, 1,000 m.,
epiphyte, Vargas 17566. Also Costa Rica (type), Panama, Colom-
bia, and Ecuador.

Maxillaria crassicaulis C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 11: 267. 1945. = M. haemathodes (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Cal-
dasia 8, no. 40: 528. 1962. Fernandezia haemathodes Ruiz & Pav.
Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 240. 1798.

Maxillaria crocea LindL, Bot. Reg. 21: t. 1799. 1835, not Poepp.
& Endl., 1836. = M. Lindleyana Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 162,
in note. 1921.

Maxillaria discolor (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6:
529. 1863. Dicrypta discolor Lodd. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 25, Misc. 9,
no. 145. 1839. Maxillaria longifolia (Barb. Rodr.) Cogn., Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 6: 33, 1. 11. 1904.

Maxillaria divaricata (Barb. Rodr.) Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 6: 49, t. 4, fig. 1. 1904. = M. notylioglossa Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2:
16. 1854.

Maxillaria fimbriata Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 38, t. 62,
fig. 3. 1836. = Lycaste fimbriata (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn., Martius
Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 5: 455. 1902.

Maxillaria haemathodes (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8,
no. 40: 528. 1962. Fernandezia haemathodes Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg.
Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1 : 240. 1798. Maxillaria crassicaulis C. Schweinf.,
Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 267. 1945.

Maxillaria Huebneri Schltr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 42, Abt. 2:
131. 1925. Maxillaria verrucifera C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 11: 292, t. 19. 1945. Also Brazil (type of M. Hueb-
neri) and Colombia.

Maxillaria Jamesonii (Reichb. f.) Garay & Schweinfurth comb,
nov. Ornithidium Jamesonii Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 35. 1876.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 61

Plant large, sprawling, rhizomatose. Rhizome elongate, sparingly branched,
apparently wholly or mostly concealed by close, tubular, marcescent sheaths hav-
ing a triangular acute apex, leaf-bearing in the upper portions of the branches,
sparingly producing solitary, long, simple or branched roots. Leaves distichous,
deciduous on the lower portions of the branches, 4-5 persisting as open clusters on
the upper parts; lamina narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, sharply acute with the upper
margins serrulate, cuneate toward the sessile base, up to 10.5 cm. long and 1.7 cm.
wide. Flowers solitary or few in the upper axils, small, long-pedicelled, orange,
cupuliform. Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, concave, about 10 mm. long and 6.4 mm.
wide. Lateral sepals closely similar, lightly oblique. Petals elliptic, acute, apicu-
late, distinctly smaller than the sepals. Lip erect and subparallel with the column,
rhombic-obovate when expanded, subtrilobed with the upper margins plicate on
each side above, rounded-obtuse at the apex with a dorsal apicule, cuneate below,
about 7.4 mm. long and 6.4 mm. wide above, with a fleshy semilunate callus be-
tween the broad, erect-incurved sides. Column short, stout, cylindric-clavate,
about 4.9 mm. long at the back.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Pomacochas-Vilcaniza, 2,050 m.,
in wooded ravine, Sagastegui A-5984. (Type in Herb. Ames No.
090582). Also Ecuador (type of Ornithidium Jamesonii).

Maxillaria Koehleri Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 103. 1921;
Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 125, nr. 491. 1929. = M. laevi-
labris Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. 155, in note. 1845.

Maxillaria leontoglossa Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 67. 1855. = Xylo-
bium leontoglossum (Reichb. f.) Rolfe, Card. Chron. ser. 3, 5:
458. 1889.

Maxillaria lepidota Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15: 383.
1845; 0. Stapf, Bot. Mag. 150, t. 9065. 1925.

Plant large, apparently caespitose. Pseudobulbs approximate, concealed by
leafless sheaths, oblong-cylindric, unifoliate, up to 5 cm. long. Leaf narrowly
oblong to linear-ligulate, slenderly petioled; lamina acute at the apex, cuneate be-
low, up to 33.5 cm. long and rarely 3 cm. wide; petiole up to 9 cm. long. Scapes
slender, diffuse, up to 20 cm. long, mostly concealed by 6-8 close tubular sheaths.
Flowers large, with spreading segments, yellow with reddish tails. Dorsal sepal
linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate from a triangular-oblong base, about 8-10 cm.
long and 7 mm. wide at the concave base. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, slightly
shorter than the dorsal sepal but markedly broader near the base. Petals similar
to the lateral sepals but much smaller throughout. Lip much shorter than the
other segments, erect, parallel to the column, arcuate-recurved and longitudinally
concave with incurved sides in natural position, ovate-oblong and about 1.9 cm.
long and 1 cm. broad when expanded, sharply 3-lobed near the apex; lateral lobes
obliquely oblong with a short, rounded free apex; mid-lobe small, triangular-ovate,
acute, deeply carinate beneath; disc with a linear-oblong, apically rounded callus
through the middle of the lower half. Column small, arcuate, about 1 cm. long,
produced into a foot; men turn formed by the lateral sepals about 1 cm. long.

62 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 7.5 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,535 m., Hutchison & Ben-
nett 4625. Also Colombia (type) and Ecuador.

Maxillaria ligulata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1 :
222. 1798. = Odontoglossum ligulatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Cal-
dasiaS, no. 40: 528. 1962.

Maxillaria Lindleyana Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 162, in
note. 1921. M. crocea Lindl., Bot. Reg. 21 : 1. 1799. 1835, not Poepp.
& Endl., 1836; Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 6: 31, t. 21, fig. 1. 1904.

Plant medium-sized, caespitose. Pseudobulbs aggregated, ovoid-cylindric,
unifoliate, up to 4 cm. high, concealed by 1 or more pairs of sometimes leaf-bearing
sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina oblong, acute, shortly cuneate below, up to 20.5
cm. long and 2.8 cm. wide; petiole stout, laterally compressed, 2.5 cm. or less long.
Scapes short, up to 8.5 cm. high, mostly concealed by several (about 5) loose, tubu-
lar sheaths. Flower rather large, yellow or orange-yellow in the type of M. crocea.
Dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, longitudinally concave, 2-3.4
cm. long and about 6.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals obliquely oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, a little shorter and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely
linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, a little shorter than both sepals. Lip con-
spicuously shorter than the sepals, brownish purple, arcuate-recurved and longi-
tudinally concave with erect-incurved sides in natural position, obovate in outline
when expanded, simple to obscurely 3-lobed at the broad rounded apex, 8-15 mm.
long and 5-12 mm. wide above if spread out; disc below the middle with a linear-
oblong, apically rounded callus. Column short, stout, up to 10 mm. high.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 15 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., Hutchison & Ben-
nett 4.658. Also Brazil (type of M. crocea Lindl.).

Maxillaria longibracteata (Lindl.) Reichb. f. var. grandiflora
(Lindl.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 279. 1945.
= Maxillaria longibracteata (Lindl.) Reichb. f. var. luteorubra
(Lindl.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 280. 1945.
Maxillaria luteorubra Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 539. 1863.

It was noted on a record of the type of Maxillaria luteorubra in
Reichenbach's handwriting that his M. luteorubra was based on Iso-
chilus grandiflorum Lindl., as was my later published M. longibracte-
ata var. grandiflora. This latter combination is thus superfluous and
illegitimate. A further synonym based on Isochilus grandiflorum
Lindl. is Maxillaria Haenkei Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ.
10: 13. 1941.

Maxillaria longifolia (Barb.-Rodr.) Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3,
pt. 6: 33, t. 11. 1904. = M. discolor (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Reichb. f.,
Walp. Ann. 6: 529. 1863. Dicrypta discolor Lodd. ex Lindl. Bot.
Reg. 25, Misc. 91, no. 145. 1839.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 63

Maxillaria longipetala Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
1 : 220. 1798. = Lycaste longipetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia
8, no. 40:524. 1962.

Maxillaria loretoensis C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 13: 92,
t., 1944. = M. Parkeri Hook., Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2729. 1827.

Maxillaria luteo-alba Lindl. Orch. Linden. 20, no. 106. 1846.

Plant large, caespitose, epiphytic, up to about 60 cm. high. Pseudobulbs
clustered, ovoid-cylindric, laterally compressed, unifoliate, up to 6 cm. long, con-
cealed and surpassed by oblong-lanceolate, complicate sheaths which waste into
fibres. Leaf petioled; lamina linear-lanceolate, oblong or oblong-elliptic, acute,
cuneate-narrowed below, up to 37 (rarely 50) cm. long and 6.8 cm. wide; petiole
stout, conduplicate, up to 11.5 cm. long. Inflorescence basal, short, erect or spread-
ing, up to 14 cm. long, entirely concealed by several (5 or 6) loose tubular sheaths.
Flower large, white and pale yellow. Dorsal sepal ligulate, obtuse to subacute,
about 4-5 cm. long and 8 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, forming a short
but prominent men turn with the column-foot. Petals much shorter than the sepals,
similar to the lateral sepals, narrowed to an acute apex. Lip much shorter than
the other segments, arcuate-recurved in natural position, rhombic or rhombic-
ovate when spread out, about 2-2.5 cm. long, rarely up to 1.8 cm. wide, promi-
nently 3-lobed just above the middle; lateral lobes narrowly oblong-obovate with
a short rounded free portion; mid-lobe much larger, ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse;
disc with a median longitudinal central callus below. Column stout, arcuate,
about 1 cm. high, with a conspicuous foot.

Cuzco: Prov. of Convenci6n, Quellouno-Chirumbia, 2,000-2,400
m., epiphyte, Vargas 11361. Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Bennett 44.0
(Flower small). Also Costa Rica to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela
(type), and Ecuador.

Maxillaria nitidula Reichb. f ., Linnaea 41 : 29. 1876.

Plant medium-sized, about 35 cm. tall, occasional terrestrial (according to the
collector's notes), caulescent and destitute of pseudobulbs. Stems freely branching
above with erect branches, entirely concealed by distichous, closely imbricating,
leaf-bearing sheaths which are strongly rugose in the dried specimen. Leaves
(persisting only near the apex of the branches) very numerous, distichous, approxi-
mate, small, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, broadly obtuse and bilobulate at
the apex, cuneate-rounded at the sessile base, up to 2.4 cm. long and 5 mm. wide,
spreading. Inflorescences occasional, in the upper axils, subequaling the leaves,
with 1 or more short sheaths on the peduncle. Flower small. Dorsal sepal oblong-
elliptic, rounded at the apex, concave, about 9.5 mm. long and 5.4 mm. wide.
Lateral sepals very similar, oblique. Petals similar to the lateral sepals but slightly
smaller. Lip erect, subparallel with the column and longitudinally concave in
natural position, about 9 mm. long, subtrilobed just above the middle, about 5 mm.
wide when the erect sides are expanded; lateral lobes narrowly semiobovate; mid-
lobe much larger, ovate-oblong, rounded at the apex; disc through the lower half
with a callose thickening extended in front into a prominent rounded callus. Col-

64 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

umn slender, arcuate, shorter than the petals, extended into a foot forming a
mentum with the lateral sepals.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Jalca zone, 1-5 km. west of
Molinopampa, 2,400-2,450 m., sepals white speckled with pink out-
side, petals white, lip lacquered red at base, white at the apex, Wur-
dack 1372. Also Ecuador (type).

Maxillaria notylioglossa Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 16. 1854. M. di-
varicata (Barb.-Rodr.) Cogn., Martius Fl. Bras. 3, pt. 6: 49, t. 4,
fig. 1. 1904.

Maxillaria paniculata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil.
1: 223. 1798. = Cyrtopodium paniculatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay,
Caldasia 8, no. 40. 524. 1962.

Maxillaria Parkeri Hook., Bot. Mag. 54: t. 2729. 1827. M. lo-
retoensis C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 13: 92, t., 1944.

Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 21, No. 9: 258. 1967. Scaphyglottis parviflora Poepp.
& Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1: 58, t. 97. 1836. Maxillaria purpurea
(Spreng.) Ames & Correll var. parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) C.
(Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 285. 1945.

Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf., Bot Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 285. 1945. = M. ramosa Ruiz & Pav. Syst.
Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 226. 1798, fide L. A. Garay.

Maxillaria pulla Linden & Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 280. 1854.

Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, up to about 30 cm. high, with a stout rhizome
concealed by distichous, imbricating sheaths. Pseudobulbs more or less approxi-
mate, ovoid or cylindric-ovoid, unifoliate, about 3 cm. high, concealed and sur-
passed by conduplicate, acuminate sheaths. Leaf petioled; lamina narrowly elliptic
to elliptic-oblong, acute at the apex, shortly cuneate at base, up to 16 cm. long and
(rarely) 3 cm. wide; petiole long and slender, 5-10 cm. long. Inflorescences short,
with the short peduncle up to 6.5 cm. long, entirely concealed by several loose, tu-
bular sheaths. Flower medium-sized, dull red-brown or maroon, or rose with red
stripes. Dorsal sepal oblong-lanceolate, acute, longitudinally concave, about 2.1
cm. long and 6.7 mm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals closely similar, oblique.
Petals oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, oblique. Lip much shorter than the rest of the
perianth, about 1.45 cm. long, distinctly 3-lobed just below the middle, ovate-
oblong in outline, lightly arcuate-recurved; lateral lobes oblong-semiobovate with
a short rounded free apex, erect in natural position; mid-lobe larger, oblong-ovate,
acute, convex; disc in the lower half with an oblong, fleshy, sulcate callus through
the center. Column short, stout, arcuate, about 6.9 mm. high, with a slightly
shorter foot.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 65

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, middle eastern Calla Calla
slopes, near Kms. 411-418 on Leimebamba-Balsas road, 3,100-
3,250 m., low epiphyte, flowers dull red-brown, Wurdack 1341 ; Same
locality, 2,900-3,150 m., low epiphyte in moist ravine, flowers dull
maroon, Wurdack 1737; Prov. of Chachapoyas, south side of Molino-
pampa-Diosan Pass, 2,700-3,100 m., in moist scrub forest, epiphyte,
flowers dull maroon, Wurdack 1651. Also Colombia (type).

Maxillaria purpurea (Spreng.) Ames & Correll var. parviflora
(Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf. Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11:
285. 1945. = M. parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 2lio/9: 258.4967.

Maxillaria quitensis (Reichb. f.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov.
Ornithidium quitense Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 34. 1876.

Plant large, sprawling, about 30 cm. tall, epiphytic or terrestrial. Stems
loosely branching, entirely concealed by distichous, imbricating leaf-sheaths which
are marcescent in the lower portions. Leaves very numerous, small, spreading,
elliptic-oblong to ligulate, unequally bilobed and apiculate at the apex, cuneate-
narrowed to a sessile or minutely-petioled base, fleshy-chartaceous, rarely up to
5 cm. long and 1 cm. wide when expanded. Inflorescences short, 1-flowered, nu-
merous. Flowers white to pale yellow. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
acute, concave, about 6 mm. or less long and 2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals triangu-
lar-lanceolate, lightly oblique, somewhat wider than the dorsal sepal below. Petals
distinctly shorter than the sepals, narrowly oblanceolate, acute. Lip markedly
shorter than the rest of the perianth, geniculate below the middle, about 4 mm.
or less long; basal portion or hypochile ovate-subquadrate, truncate in front, con-
cave with erect-incurved sides; anterior portion or epichile broadly ovate-subquad-
rate, retuse at the broad apex, flat or convex, markedly larger than the basal por-
tion. Column stout or slender, arcuate, about half as long as the dorsal sepal, with
a distinct foot.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, 3 km. north of north end of Lake
Pomacocha, on road to Rioja, in "cool ceja, many epiphytes," 2,100-
2,200 m., flowers small, pale yellow, Hutchison & Wright 4065. Prov.
of Chachapoyas, Jalca zone, 1-5 km. west of Molinopampa, 2,400-
2,450 m., occasional terrestrial, flowers white with lip cream-color in
center, Wurdack 1373. Also Ecuador (type of Ornithidium quitense).

Maxillaria ramosa Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1:
226. 1798. Scaphyglottis pendula Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 1 :
58, t. 98. 1836. Scaphyglottis Tajallae Reichb. f., Linnaea 22: 855.
1849. Maxillaria pendula (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus.
Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 285. 1945. Maxillaria Tafallae (Reichb. f.)
C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard Univ. 11: 288. 1945.

66 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Maxillaria simplicilabia C. Schweinfurth sp. nov.

Herba epiphytica, magna, pergracilis. Pseudobulbi anguste cylindracei, ap-
proximati, unifoliati. Folium anguste lineare, acutum, inferne in petiolum indis-
tinctum angustatum. Scapus multo brevior, vaginis pluribus tubulatis ornatus.
Flos magnus, segmentis patentibus. Sepalum dorsale a basi lanceolata caudato-
acuminatum. Sepala lateralia paulo breviora sed latiora, a basi oblique oblonga
sensim caudato-acuminata. Petala sepalis lateralibus valde similia sed minora.
Labellum tubulari-concavum, simplex, expansum elliptico-oblongum, apice late
rotundatum.

Plant epiphytic, large but slender, about 50 cm. or less high. Rhizome abbre-
viated. Pseudobulbs congested, narrowly cylindric or cauliform in the dried speci-
men, unifoliate, up to about 5.5 cm. high, more or less concealed by several loose,
distichously imbricating, non-leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaf elongate-linear, acute,
narrowed below into an indistinct sulcate petiole, up to 37 cm. long and 1 cm. wide.
Scape about 17.5 cm. long, bearing about 9-10 sheaths which are short and imbri-
cating at the base and longer, tubular and separated above. Flower large, with
spreading cream-colored segments, the lip speckled with purple-brown. Dorsal
sepal from a lanceolate concave base caudate-acuminate, about 7.4 cm. long and
7 mm. wide near the base. Lateral sepals form an obliquely oblong base gradu-
ally caudate-acuminate, about 7 cm. long, forming a mentum with the column-foot
about 9 mm. across. Petals closely similar to the lateral sepals, very oblique, about
4 cm. long and 4 mm. wide near the base. Lip much shorter than the other seg-
ments, cream speckled with purple, apparently erect and parallel with the column,
longitudinally concave with erect sides in natural position, simple, lightly arcuate-
recurved, about 1.8 cm. long in natural position, elliptic-oblong and about 9 mm.
wide when expanded, broadly rounded and minutely erose in front, the apex be-
neath provided with a prominent conical protuberance; disc in the middle with a
flattened oblong-ovate callus. Column short, lightly arcuate, about 7 mm. long,
produced into a subequally long foot.

This species suggests Maxillaria lepidota Lindl., but has an entire
lip. It differs from M. macrura Reichb. f . in the shape of the pseudo-
bulbs and the lip.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, in high montane rain forest, 2-4
km. west -southwest (245) of Pomacocha, 2,200-2,400 m. alt., low
epiphyte, June 16, 1962, J. J. Wurdack 862 (type in U. S. Nat. Herb.

2403875).

Maxillaria spilotantha Reichb. f., Bonpl. 2: 17 1854.

Plant large, stout, epiphytic. Stems elongate, entirely concealed by closely
imbricating, distichous leaf-sheaths, sparingly branched with suberect branches,
bearing pseudobulbs at remote intervals. Pseudobulbs oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid,
complanate, bifoliate at the apex, up to 7.5 cm. high. Leaves numerous, linear-
ligulate, abruptly rounded-obtuse, often bilobulate and apiculate at the apex,
somewhat narrowed at the sessile base, up to 20 cm. long, 1-2.2 cm. wide. In-
florescences numerous, axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers pale yellow or bright red-
maroon with green at apex (according to Dunsterville). Dorsal sepal linear-

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 67

oblong to ovate-oblong, acute with revolute apex, about 12-19 mm. long and
4-7 mm. wide. Lateral sepals very similar but often smaller (especially narrower),
slightly oblique. Petals similar to the sepals but distinctly shorter. Lip simple
or slightly 3-lobed above the middle, lightly arcuate-recurved, oblong or ovate-
oblong, broadly rounded in front, about 12.3-14 mm. long, 4.2-7 mm. wide; disc
through the lower half with a central, linear-oblong, fleshy callus. Column short
and stout, clavate, arcuate, about half as long as the dorsal sepal.

Junin: Prov. of Tarma, Utcuyacu, 1,900 m., on tree in low forest,
Woytkowski 35355; Prov. of Tarma, Agua Dulce, Woytkowski 24
(Univ. Calif. Bot. Gard. 50. 2284). These two numbers are possibly
the same collection. Also Venezuela (type), Colombia, and Ecuador.

Maxillaria trigona C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 13: 266.
t., 1945. = M. alpestris Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. 154. 1845.

Maxillaria variegata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1:
222. 1798. = Xylobium variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay & Dun-
sterv. Venez. Orch. Illustr. 2: 342, t., 1961.

Maxillaria verrucifera C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 11: 292, t. 19. 1945. = M. Huebneri Schltr., Beih. Bot. Cen-
tralbl. 42, Abt. 2: 131. 1925.

Maxillaria witsinioides Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 175.
1920; Mansf. Fedde Repert. Beih. 57: t. 62, no. 240. 1929.

Plant epiphytic, 20-94 cm. long (often strongly arcuate). Stems slender, en-
tirely concealed by distichous, closely imbricating, spreading leaf-sheaths. Leaves
equitant, acute, or obtuse with a minute apicule at the apex, up to 6 cm. long and
7 mm. wide below the middle, erect-spreading, apparently persisting only near the
apex of the stem (in specimens seen). Inflorescences axillary, short, 1-flowered,
concealed by the leaves, with the peduncle 1.7 cm. or less long, bearing 2 to 4 nar-
rowly linear-lanceolate sheaths which are up to 2 cm. long. Flower green or yellow-
green, "very seldom opens" (in Peruvian collections), glabrous with rigid segments.
Dorsal sepal narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 1.6-2.1 cm. long, about 5 mm. wide,
longitudinally concave. Lateral sepals similar, oblique, forming a short mentum
with the column foot. Petals markedly shorter than the sepals, obliquely elliptic-
linear, acute. Lip much shorter than the other segments, simple, narrowly oblong-
lanceolate, lightly rhombic, obtuse, gradually long-cuneate at the base, about
1.5 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide below the middle; disc with a central longitudinal thick-
ening (callose near the apex) extending through the basal third. Column slender,
arcuate, clavate, about 7 mm. high at the back, with a short foot.

Huanuco: Tingo Maria, Moore T210. San Martin: Habitat not
cited, Moore 540, A50. Also Colombia (type).

Maxillaria xantholeuca Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 8: 98. 1921.
M. xantholeuca Schltr. var. peruviana C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl.
Harvard Univ. 11: 293. 1945. = M. alpestris Lindl., Benth. PI.
Hartw. 154: 1845.

68 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Ornithidium Jamesonii Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 35. 1876. = Maxil-
laria Jamesonii (Reichb. f.) Garay & Schweinfurth comb. nov.

Ornithidium quitense Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 34. 1876. = Maxil-
laria quitensis (Reichb. f.) C. Schweinfurth comb. nov.

Cyrtoglottis gracilipes Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 7: 182. 1920. =
Mormolyca gracilipes (Schltr.) Garay & Wirth, Canad. Journ. Bot.
37:482. 1959.

Cyrtoglottis peruviana C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull. 14: 152,
t., 1945. = Mormolyca Schweinfurthiana Garay & Wirth, Canda.
Journ. Bot. 37: 490. 1959, not Mormolyca peruviana C. Schweinf.
1944.

Trigonidium tenue Lodd. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 44, no. 59.
1839. =T. acuminatum Batem. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 74,
no. 136. 1838.

Trichocentrum albopurpureum Linden & Reichb. f. ex Reichb. f.,
Gard. Chron. (1866) 219, fig.; Hook, f., Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5688. 1868.
= T. albo-coccineum Linden, Belg. Hort. 15: 103. 1865.

Amazonas: Prov. of Bagua, canyon of Rio Maranon, between
Kms. 247 and 250, on Mesones-Muro highway, "common name is
El Parco,"? Hutchison & Bennett s.n.

Trichocentrum longicalcaratum Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 4: 260. 1896.=
T. pulchrum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 11, 1. 115. 1837-38.

Trichocentrum maculatum Lindl. Orch. Linden. 24, no. 127. 1846.
= T. pulchrum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 11, t. 115.
1837-38.

Trichocentrum verruciferum Schltr. Fedde Repert Beih. 7: 184.
1920. =T. pulchrum Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. ac Sp. 2: 11, 1. 115.
1837-38.

Plectrophora cultrifolia (Barb.-Rodr.) Cogn., Martius Fl.
Bras. 3, pt. 6: 185, t. 35, fig. 1. 1904. Jansenia cultrifolia Barb.
Rodr., Vellosia, ed. 2, 1: 125. 1891.

Plant small, epiphytic, up to 6.5 cm. tall. Pseudobulb small, suborbicular,
strongly ancipitous, unifoliate at the apex, up to 10 mm. long, clasped below on
each side by a blade which is similar to but often smaller than the leaves. Leaves
small, thickly fleshy, narrowly oblong-ligulate, acute, lightly oblique, up to 7 cm.
long and 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence lateral, very short and slender, 1-flowered,
with the peduncle 6-7 mm. long. Flower rather small, submembranaceous. Sepals
pale greenish cream-color. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, about 9-12 mm.
long, 3.5-5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar, lightly oblique, produced into a
slender spur 15-20 mm. long. Petals white, oblong-elliptic, acute or obtuse, about

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 69

as long as the sepals but noticeably broader. Lip about one-half longer than the
sepals, simple, suborbicular or obovate-suborbicular, lightly emarginate in front,
cuneate below with a minutely bisaccate base, white lined with yellow, 14-18 mm.
long, up to 20 mm. wide. Column abbreviated, 3-4 mm. long, its base with 2 thin
ridges extending into the lip.

Loreto: Habitat not cited, at sea level, in deep shade, Moore 270.
Also Brazil (Amazonas, type of Jansenia cultrifolia) and Venezuela.

Diadenium Bennettii Garay, Orch. Rev. 75: 414, fig. 184. 1967.

Plant epiphytic, caespitose, up to 25 cm. tall. Pseudobulbs approximate,
ovoid, unifoliate, about 5 cm. high, surrounded by 2 pairs of blades which are sim-
ilar to but smaller than the leaves. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong,
acute, channelled, coriaceous, up to 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence lat-
eral, surpassing the leaves, with the elongate glabrous peduncle provided with 4
short, close, remote sheaths; raceme short, densely several- (about 9-) flowered.
Flowers rather small and fleshy, green suffused with purple and a dark purple lip.
Dorsal sepal oblong-obovate, obtuse, 7 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
oblong-obovate, connate nearly to the apex which is thus bifid, the lamina a little
longer and broader than the dorsal sepal. Petals obliquely ovate-oblong, obtuse,
shorter than the sepals, long-decurrent on the elongated column-foot. Lip with
an elongate claw adnate to the face of the column; lamina abruptly reflexed, ovate-
quadrate, deeply excised with rounded lobes, 7 mm. long and 6.5 mm. wide at the
base; disc with a transverse pulvinate callus. Column small, produced into a foot
which is 5 mm. long.

Junin: Chanchamayo, La Merced, 1,000 m., von Bismarck s.n.
(cultivated in Lima, Peru, by Mr. Dave Bennett, Jr.).

lonopsis satyrioides (Sw.) Reichb. f., Walp. Ann. 6: 683. 1863.
Epidendrum satyrioides Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind Occ. 123. 1788.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, rarely up to 30 cm. high. Pseudobulb ab-
breviated, unifoliate, concealed by several distichous, imbricating leaves. Leaves
terete or subterete, sessile, acute, up to 14 cm. long and 4 mm. wide. Inflorescence
lateral, commonly more or less surpassing the erect-spreading leaves, simple or
loosely few-branched with remote, erect-spreading branches. Flowers small, white
creamy white, pale yellow or rose. Sepals shortly connate at base. Dorsal sepal
(free portion) ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 4.5-5.5 mm. long and 2.3 mm. wide.
Lateral sepals similar but a little longer, acute or acuminate. Petals oblong-ellip-
tic, acute or obtuse, as long as the lateral sepals. Lip from a short terete claw
abruptly dilated into a cuneate or oblong-cuneate lamina, truncate or lightly retuse
in front with a small central apicule, about 6.5-8 mm. long and 2.5-5 mm. wide
above, with 2 lamellate calli below, white with two purple lines. Column minute.

Cuzco: Prov. of Paucartambo, Kosnipata, 950 m., epiphytic,
Vargas 10238. Loreto: Habitat not cited, Moore A 120, 700. Also
the West Indies (Hispaniola, type of Epidendrum satyrioides), Co-
lombia, Venezuela, British Guiana, Brazil, and Ecuador.

70 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Rodriguezia caloplectron Reichb. f., Card. Chron. n. ser. 19:
368. 1883.

Plant large, with a creeping rhizome. Pseudobulbs oblong-ligulate, ancipi-
tous, unifoliate, about 4 cm. long, concealed at base on each side by 3 imbricating,
leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaf ligulate-oblong, acute, about 23 cm. long and 2.2 cm.
wide, coriaceous. Inflorescences lateral, shorter than the leaves, loosely racemose
above, diffuse to pendent, up to 12-flowered. Flower fairly large, variable in color,
the type being yellowish white with green streaks. Dorsal sepal "oblong, obtuse
or emarginate" or obovate-oblong and acute, about 2.6 cm. long and 1 cm. wide,
somewhat conduplicate in specimen seen. Lateral sepals linear-oblong, entirely
connate, forming tubular hamate spur about 2.5 cm. long enclosing the solid spur
of the lip. Petals obliquely oblong-obovate, long-cuneate below, obtuse or acute,
about 3 cm. long. Lip much exceeding the other segments, obovate-oblong, retuse
at the broad rounded apex, indented on each side near the front, about 3.7 cm.
long and 1.9 cm. wide above, long-narrowed and tubular below, produced into a
slender spur about 7 mm. long; disc with a pair of low angulate keels near the
center. Column slender, straight, clavate, nearly 2 cm. long, with a pair of por-
rect, oblong, apically dentate or rounded wings.

Loreto: Iquitos, "very rare, flowers lavender-pink, salmon, yel-
low, cream-white, with purple flecks," Moore 8060. Also Colombia
(type).

Neokoehleria Rauhii Senghas, Die Orchidee 19: 125. figs. 1968.

Plant small, epiphytic. Pseudobulbs densely aggregated, ellipsoid, unifoliate,
up to 12 mm. tall, bright green when young becoming light purple, concealed by
2 sheaths. Leaf narrowly linear, acuminate, petiolate-narrowed at base, chan-
nelled, fleshy, up to 16 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, purple becoming green. Inflorescence
lateral, almost as long as the leaf, simple or branched, up to 30-flowered, with the
rachis 4-5 cm. long. Flowers small, little-open, red-violet. Dorsal sepal oblong-
elliptic, rounded at the subcucullate apex, 6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals
connate into a broadly ovate, bidentate lamina about half as long as the dorsal
sepal, produced into a stout, lightly emarginate spur which is about equal to the
lamina. Petals very obliquely and broadly obovate, slightly shorter than the dor-
sal sepal, but distinctly wider, minutely apiculate at the rounded apex. Lip
ligulate-cuneate, rounded at the apex, with the lateral margins above the middle
irregularly lacerate-fimbriate, about 5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. wide, produced at
base into a pair of linear-clavate spurs about 1.5 mm. long; disc with 2 high, erect
keels. Column short, slender, retrorsely curved, 4.5-5 mm. high.

Junin: Near San Ramon, about 2,000 m., in mountain woods,
Rauh 21098.

Scelochilus serrilabius C. Schweinf. sp. nov.

Herba mediocris, rhizomatosa. Pseudobulbi plusminusve approximati, uni-
foliati, in sicco anguste cylindracei. Folium oblongo-ellipticum, sessile vel sub-
sessile, acutum. Inflorescentia lateralis, folium multo superans, saepissime laxe
paniculata cum ramis paucis stricte adscendentibus, laxe multifloris. Flores parvi,
laterali ter visi campanulati. Sepalum dorsale elliptico-ovatum, acutum, valde

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 71

concavum. Sepala lateralia in laminam breviter bidentatam connata, in calcar
crassum, porrectum extensa. Petala ovali-ovata, apice rotundata. Labellum in
calcaria duo crassa productum; lamina tubulari-concava, expansa elliptico-ob-
longa, prope apicem utrinque leviter constricta, lateribus lacerato-serratis. Col-
umna crassa, recta.

Plant medium-sized, up to 26 cm. high, with a creeping rhizome. Roots
fibrous, glabrous, whitish, rather stout. Pseudobulbs more or less approximate,
slenderly cylindric and striate in the dried specimen, unifoliate, up to 4.5 cm. long.
Leaf oblong-elliptic (rarely elliptic-lanceolate), sessile or subsessile, acute, about
15 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide across the middle. Inflorescences solitary at the base
of each pseudobulb, suberect to arcuate, loosely paniculate above with one or two
short, strictly ascending lateral branches below (rarely racemose); peduncle 9-
12 cm. long, with three distant, close, inconspicuous, tubular sheaths; rachis of
panicle 13-15 cm. long, loosely many-flowered. Floral bracts ovate-lanceolate to
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 1 cm. long. Flowers small, campanulate as
seen from the side. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, acute or apiculate, strongly con-
cave, about 5.2 mm. long and 3.4 mm. wide when expanded. Lateral sepals connate
into a sharply bidentate lamina with small overlapping apical lobules, extended
below to form a stout, porrect spur, up to 10.9 mm. long from the apex to the base
of the spur. Petals oval-ovate, broadly rounded with an irregular apex, about
7 mm. long and 4.5 mm. wide. Lip narrow, tubular-concave, extended into a pair
of short stout spurs, about 10 mm. long including the spurs; lamina when expanded
elliptic-oblong in outline, about 6.8 mm. long, with the sides (except at the base
and apex) lacerate-serrate, lightly contracted on each side above into a small ro-
tundate-ovate lobule; disc at base in the center with a short keel extending from
the column; spurs about 2.9 mm. long. Column stout, straight, about 4 mm. high,
with the sides of the stigmatic orifice rotund-dilated.

This species seems to be somewhat allied to Scelochilus pichinchae
Schltr., but has much larger pseudobulbs and leaves, elongate, many-
flowered scapes, rounded (not acute) petals, and dissimilar lip-
characters.

Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu (near bridge), 2,020
m. altitude, in humus, October 20, 1960, C. Vargas C. 13506. (Type
in Herb. Ames No. 000583.)

Rusbyella pusilla (C. Schweinf.) Garay, Caldasia 10, no. 47:
237. 1968. Buesiella pusilla C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 15: 153, t. 48. 1952.

Helcia sanguinolenta Lindl., Bot. Reg. 31: Misc. 18. 1845.
Lindl. & Paxt., Paxton's Flow. Gard. 2: 97, fig. 182. 1851-52.

Plant epiphytic, medium-sized. Pseudobulbs ovate to ovate-oblong, sub-
terete, about 4.5 cm. long, unifoliate. Leaf shortly petioled; lamina elliptic-
oblong, acute or obtuse, cuneate below, 7-15 cm. long, about 2.5 cm. wide; petiole
indistinct, channelled, about 1 cm. long. Inflorescence lateral, shorter than the
leaf; peduncle 1-flowered, with 2 distant bracts. Flower relatively large. Sepals

72 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

and petals olive spotted with brownish red, lip white striped with blood-red. Dor-
sal sepal oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, acute, about 2.4 cm. long and 1 cm.
wide. Lateral sepals similar, a little narrower. Petals somewhat smaller than the
sepals, slightly broader above. Lip nearly as long as the other segments but much
broader, oblong-obovate in outline, bilobed at the broad apex, 3-lobed at the base,
about 2.3 cm. long and 1.8 cm. wide near the front; midlobe obovate, constricted
at the middle of each side, with undulate margins; lateral lobes much smaller, flat-
tened-triangular, erect, surrounding a hollow hairy pit. Column short, the cli-
nandrium surrounded by a lacerate border.

Between Cajamarca and La Libertad, Huaranchal, about 70 km.
south of Cajamarca, Steumpfle s.n. Lambayeque, Hda. Taulis,
about 100 km. east of Chiclayo, von Bismarck s.n. Piura, Can-
chaque, about 100 km. east of Piura, Steumpfle s.n. Also Ecuador
(type).

The above description was compiled from the illustration cited
above and from a photograph of the type.

Trichopilia laxa (Lindl.) Reichb. f., Hamb. Gartenz. 14: 229.
1858. Pilumna laxa Lindl., Bot. Reg. 30: Misc. 74. 1844.

Plant large, epiphytic, up to 42 cm. high. Pseudobulbs ovate-oblong to oblong-
cylindric, strongly complanate, unifoliate, approximate, up to 12 cm. long. Leaf
usually oblong to ligulate (rarely oblong-elliptic) sessile, acute, cuneate at base,
up to 32.7 cm. long, rarely up to 5.2 cm. wide, chartaceous. Inflorescence lateral,
lax or pendent, loosely racemose, up to 7-flowered, much shorter than the pseudo-
bulb together with the leaf, up to 26 cm. long; peduncle up to 6 cm. long. Floral
bracts conspicuous, ovate-elliptic, acute, strongly concave, about 2 cm. long.
Sepals and petals pink-maroon or pale green with pink flush, lip white with green-
ish white tint. Dorsal sepal lanceolate-linear or linear-elliptic, acute, 25-36 mm.
long, about 5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but smaller throughout. Petals
very similar to the dorsal sepal but shorter, lightly oblique. Lip distinctly shorter
than the other segments, adnate to the column above its base, about 15-26 mm.
long, 8-14 mm. wide above, from a long-cuneate base dilated into a subquadrate
lamina which is truncate to lightly retuse in front and more or less constricted on
each side; disc with a low central keel in the middle. Column slender, clavate
about half as long as the lip.

Junin: Chanchamayo, pseudobulbs 5 cm. long, leaf 30-35 cm.
long, 5 cm. wide, flowers wavy, whitish, erect on rachis, Steumpfle
4.67. Also Colombia (type) and Venezuela.

Cochlioda X Floryi Rolfe, Orch. Rev. 19: 144. 1911. (C. Noe-
zliana X C. rosea.)

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 19 km.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 3,100 m., terrestrial in mossy
boggy area, flowers orange-red, Hutchison & Wright 6935. Peru:
Habitat not cited (type).

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 73

Odontoglossum blandum Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. (1870) 1342.
Batem. Monog. Odontog. t, 28. 1874.

Plant rather small for the genus, about 28 cm. or less high. Pseudobulbs
approximate, ovoid or ellipsoid, compressed, 1- to 2-leaved at the apex, about
5 cm. or less high, clasped below by 2 or 3 pairs of leaf-bearing conduplicate
sheaths. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, narrowed below to an indistinct con-
duplicate petiole, up to 25.5 cm. long and about 1 cm. wide. Inflorescence lateral,
about equaling or slightly exceeding the leaves, arcuate, racemose above with
about 6-12 subdensely arranged flowers. Perianth segments spreading, white or
creamy-white spotted with reddish purple. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, acuminate,
about 20 mm. long and 5.5 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but slightly longer,
oblique. Petals ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, slightly shorter and broader
than the sepals. Lip somewhat shorter than the sepals and petals, unguiculate;
claw short, erect, conduplicate, subparallel with the column; lamina deflexed, much
larger, oblong-ovate, acute, mucronate, crisped and denticulate on the margins,
about 15 mm. long and 8 mm. wide; disc at base with a pair of fleshy bilobed horns
of which the anterior lobe is larger. Column short, straight, stout, about 6.8 mm.
long, at the apex with a pair of narrow, deeply lacerate wings.

Cuzco: Prov. of Calca, Manto, at Km. 84, 2,100 m., epiphytic,
Vargas 15638. Also Colombia (type).

Odontoglossum cochleatum (Lindl.) Reichb. f., Gard. Chron.
n. ser. 26: 70, 1886. Oncidium cochleatum Lindl. Sert. Orch. sub
t. 25. 1838. Odontoglossum crocatum Linden & Reichb. f., Gard.
Chron. (1867) 404. Odontoglossum fractiflexum Kranzl., Engler. Bot.
Jahrb. 37: 390. 1906.

Odontoglossum crispum Lindl., Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 15:
256. 1845.

Plant large, epiphytic, showy, very variable, up to about 9 dm. tall. Pseudo-
bulbs approximate, ovoid, compressed, up to 7 cm. high, 1- to 2-leaved at the apex.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, gradually narrowed to an indistinctly petioled
channelled base, up to 31 cm. long and about 2 cm. wide. Inflorescence lateral,
more or less surpassing the leaves, erect to arcuate, racemose or paniculate, loosely
few- to many-flowered. Flowers rather large, 5-8 cm. across, variable, yellow with
a purple-spotted center or white spotted with rose and a yellow spot near base of
lip. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, more or less crisped-
undulate, about 3.5-5 cm. long, up to 2 cm. wide. Lateral sepals very similar,
lightly oblique. Petals ovate, acute or acuminate, slightly shorter but noticeably
broader than the sepals, with margins commonly more crisped-undulate or dentate.
Lip noticeably shorter than the other segments, oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate,
deflexed above, cuneate at the base which is parallel with the column, dentate and
crisped; disc with a pair of crests which are prolonged into narrow teeth. Column
short, arcuate, about one-third as long as the dorsal sepal, above with a pair of
short, broad, dentate wings.

Peru: Habitat not cited, Ruiz & Pavdn s.n. Also Colombia
(type).

74 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Odontoglossum Jractiflexum Kranzl., Engler Bot. Jahrb. 37: 390.
1906. = O. cochleatum (Lindl.) Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. n. ser. 26:
70. 1886.

Odontoglossum graminifolium C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc. Bull.
15: 30, t., 1946. = O. longifolium Lindl., Benth. PL Hartw. 152.
1844.

This concept was described from an immature specimen with a
simple raceme. However, the flowers have a lip which is identical
with that of 0. longi/olium.

Odontoglossum Hrubyanum Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 4:
234. 1888. = Odontoglossum cruentum Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2:
174, t. 174, figs. I, 1-2. 1873.

The type of Odontoglossum cruentum was illustrated and described
from a sketch and a single dried flower sent by Mr. Wallis. In this
drawing the lip is shown as rhombic-ovate rather than pandurate as
noted in 0. Hrubyanum, but otherwise both concepts appear to be
identical. 0. cruentum came from Ecuador. The identity of the
species was corroborated by Dr. L. A. Garay in his monographic study
of the genus.

Odontoglossum Kegeljani Morr., Belg. Hortic. 27: 212, t. 10.

1877. Odontoglossum polyxanthum Reichb. f., Flor. Mag. n. ser. 20,
t. 453. 1881.

Plant large, showy. Pseudobulbs approximate, ovoid, up to 7 cm. high, bi-
foliate at the apex, clasped at the base by 2 to 4 distichous leaves. Leaves sessile,
elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate, conduplicate at base, up to 20 cm. long and
about 3 cm. wide. Inflorescence lateral, simple, straight, or flexuous above, up
to 40 cm. high, loosely 7- to 8-flowered above. Flowers large, with spreading seg-
ments, about 6.5 cm. across. Sepals elliptic, acuminate, about 3.5 cm. long and
1.2 cm. wide, yellow with a few large brown spots, the lateral sepals slightly oblique.
Petals very similar, clear yellow with a brown spot at base. Lip red-brown with
white, finely fringed margins and a large white spot at base, somewhat shorter than
the other segments; claw (hypochile) narrow, erect and parallel with the column;
epichile much larger, from an abrupt base oblong-ovate, acuminate; disc with a
central crest consisting of 2 pairs of spines of which the lateral pair is weak and
spreading and the central pair stouter and porrect. Column arcuate, with a pair
of abrupt, spreading, subquadrate, truncate wings above.

Peru: Huancabamba, Kreuser s.n. Also Ecuador ? (type). The
original description of 0. Kegeljani was made from a cultivated speci-
men, but 0. polyxanthum is Ecuadorian.

Odontoglossum ligulatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay, Caldasia 8,
no. 40: 528. 1962. Maxillaria ligulata Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 75

Peruv. et Chil. 1: 222. 1798. Odontoglossum myrianthum Reichb. f.
Xen. Orch. 1: 189, t. 68, figs. II, 4-5, 1856. Cyrtochilum myrianthum
Kranzl., Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (Heft 80): 82. 1922.

Eastern slopes of the Andes. Habitat not cited, Steumpfle 967-1 .
In this collection the pseudobulbs are "roundish, aggregate, 2.5 cm.
in diameter leaves 20-25 cm. long, 2 cm. wide. Sepals and petals
dark reddish brown, lip whitish yellow." The type of Odontoglossum
myrianthum was designated as Ophrys tricolor. Palca.

Odontoglossum longifolium Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. 152.
1844. Odontoglossum graminifolium C. Schweinf., Am. Orch. Soc.
Bull. 15: 30, t., 1946.

Odontoglossum longipes Reichb. f. & Warsc., Bonpl. 2: 100.
1854. This species is extremely close to 0. longifolium Lindl., its
flowers being nearly identical with those of that species, but the
flowering scape is much stouter and the flowers densely arranged,
rather than very loose. Possibly it may be found to be an ecological
form of 0. longijolium.

Odontoglossum myrianthum Reichb. f., Xen. Orch. 1: 189, t. 68,
figs. II, 4-5. 1856. = Odontoglossum ligulatum (Ruiz & Pav.).
Garay, Caldasia 8, no. 40: 528. 1962. Maxillaria ligulata Ruiz &
Pav. Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 1: 222. 1798. Cyrtochilum myri-
anthum Kranzl., Engler Pflanzenr. IV 50 (Heft 80) 82. 1922.

Odontoglossum polyxanthum Reichb. f., Flor. Mag. n. ser. 20,
t. 453. 1881. = O. Kegeljani Morr., Belg. Hortic. 27: 212, 1. 10. 1877.

Odontoglossum ringens Reichb. f. Xen. Orch. 2: 150, t. 159.
1870; Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. (1872) 1035. Saund. Refug. Bot. 2:
t. 99. 1878. Also Bolivia.

Solenidium peruvianum Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 113.
1921.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, Cerros Calla Calla, 15 kms.
above Leimebamba, on road to Balsas, 2,950 m., sepals and petals
chartreuse with brownish tips, lip yellow or white with orange callus,
Hutchison & Bennett 4.663.

Oncidium cajamarcae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 113. 1921. =
Oncidium foveatum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Oncidium 52, no. 183. 1855.
This latter concept was mistakenly referred, as a synonym, to 0. ar-

76 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

millare Lindl., but it differs from that species in having much larger
flowers with dissimilar sepals and petals, as well as details of the lip.
Oncidium cochleatum Lindl. Sert. Orch. sub t. 25. 1838. =Odon-
toglossum cochleatum (Lindl.) Reichb. f., Card. Chron. n. ser. 26:
70. 1886.

Oncidium foveatum Lindl. Fol. Orch. Oncidium 52, no. 183.
1855. 0. cajamarcae Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 9: 113. 1921.

Oncidium Lanceanum Lindl., Trans. Hort. Soc. London n. ser.
2: 100, t. 5. 1842.

Plant rather large and showy. Pseudobulbs minute and inconspicuous, uni-
foliate, approximate on the fleshy rhizome. Leaf elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute
or obtuse, sessile, fleshy, irregularly marked with brown spots, up to 48 cm. long
and 12 cm. wide. Inflorescence lateral, more or less surpassing the leaf, commonly
racemose and rarely paniculate, loosely few- to several-flowered. Flowers large
and showy, fragrant, about 3.5-6 cm. across when spread out. Sepals and petals
yellow or yellow-green closely spotted with chocolate. Dorsal sepal elliptic or oval,
acute or obtuse, about 2.5-3 cm. long, up to 1.7 cm. wide. Lateral sepals similar
but a little longer and narrower, slightly oblique. Petals obliquely elliptic, as long
as the dorsal sepal and as wide as the lateral sepals. Lip about as long as the other
segments, deeply 3-lobed near the base, rose to deep purple below, pandurate in
outline; lateral lobes relatively small, triangular-rounded; mid-lobe much larger,
from a cuneate base more or less abruptly dilated into a transversely oblong-oval,
broadly rounded or lightly retuse lamina; disc at base with a 3-lobed callus of which
the middle lobe is much the largest, flattened and protuberant. Column short and
stout, about 7 mm. long, dilated in front below, with a pair of rounded wings above.

Huanuco: Habitat not cited, at sea level, rare, Moore s.n. Also
Trinidad, Venezuela, the Guianas (Surinam, type), and Brazil.

Oncidium Reichenbachii Lindl. Fol. Orch. Oncidium 49, no.
172. 1855; Dunsterv. & Garay, Venez. Orch. Illustr. 2:258, t., 1961.

Plant tall. Pseudobulbs approximate, oblong-ovoid, unifoliate, up to 10 cm.
high, clasped below by a pair of leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves lorate, acute, ses-
sile, up to 40 cm. long, 3.5-4.5 cm. wide. Inflorescence lateral, far surpassing the
leaves, up to 15 dm. or more long, arcuate, loosely paniculate with branches 4-
6 cm. apart; branches (rarely branched) divaricate and recurved, 2- to 10-flowered,
with a fractiflex rachis. Flowers small, clear yellow with brown markings. Seg-
ments wide-spreading. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, 11-13 mm.
long, 3-4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals similar but a little longer, oblique. Petals
oblong or ob ovate-oblong, a little shorter and broader than the sepals. Lip about
as long as the sepals but much broader, pandurate or three-lobed; basal half trian-
gular-ovate, abruptly dilated into a transversely oval, lightly retuse lamina which
is broader than the basal part; disc at base with an oblong, laterally denticulate
callus which terminates in 3 narrow complanate teeth. Column short and stout,
below with a pair of porrect rounded plates and above with a pair of semiovate,
acuminate wings.

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 77

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, vicinity of Leimebamba, up-
stream along creek flowing through the edge of town into Rio Utcu-
bamba, 2,250 m., Hutchison & Wright 4899 (Column wings short).
Also Colombia (type) and Venezuela.

Leochilus carinatus (Knowl. & Westc.) Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28:
Misc. 23. 1842. Oncidium carinatum Knowl. & Westc. Floral Cab. 2:
31. 1838.

Plant medium-sized to large, epiphytic. Pseudobulbs clustered, suborbicular
to ovoid, strongly complanate, unifoliate, up to 2.5 cm. long, partially concealed
by distichous leaf-bearing sheaths. Leaves elliptic to elliptic-oblong, acute to ob-
tuse, rarely up to 15 cm. long and 3.8 cm. wide, sessile. Inflorescence lateral,
variable, much surpassing the leaves, slender, up to 52 cm. or more long, racemose
or loosely paniculate with distant branches, few- to many-flowered. Flowers small,
with spreading segments. Sepals cream-olive to greenish-brown ; petals gray, white
or green with brown lines or margins; lip white or greenish yellow. Sepals concave,
dorsally carinate. Dorsal sepal elliptic, acute, up to 9 mm. long and 5 mm. wide.
Lateral sepals very similar but narrower, oblique. Petals oblong-ovate, subacute
or obtuse, slightly shorter and much narrower than the dorsal sepal. Lip distinctly
surpassing the sepals, ovate-oblong to pandurate, emarginate at the broad apex,
cuneate at base, up to 11 mm. long and 5-5.8 mm. wide; disc with a group of re-
curved papillae at the base. Column short, about 4 mm. or less high, with a pair
of porrect oblong or triangular-oblong wings in the middle.

Junin: Paucartambo Valley, about 1,500 m., at the lower edge of
mountain forest, Rauh s.n. Also Mexico (type of Oncidium carina-
tum). The first occurrence of this Mexican species was recorded in
Die Orchidee 14: 173-178, figs., 1963.

Sigmatostalix peruviana Rolfe, Kew Bull. (1910) 371. = Sigmato-
stalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Reichb. f., Bot. Zeit. 10: 769.
1852.

Lockhartia longifolia (Lindl.) Schltr. Fedde Repert. Beih. 6:
99. 1919. Fernandezia longifolia Lindl. Orch. Linden. 13, no. 70. 1846.

Plant medium-sized, epiphytic, up to 50 cm. tall. Stems aggregated, entirely
concealed by very numerous leaves. Leaves distichous, equitant, imbricating,
erect-spreading, triangular-lanceolate, acute, up to 3.3 cm. long (measured along
the lower margins) and about 5 mm. wide at the base. Inflorescences 1 or 2, axil-
lary, subapical, abbreviated, racemose, few-flowered. Flowers creamy-yellow with
red-brown or maroon at base of lip. Dorsal sepal ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or
apiculate, about 8 mm. long and 4 mm. wide. Lateral sepals very similar, slightly
oblique. Petals obovate or oblong-obovate, broadly rounded at the apex, a little
longer than the sepals but markedly broader. Lip as long as the petals but much
broader than the other segments, ovate-suborbicular, retuse, with a fold on each
side, about 9 mm. long and 13 mm. wide; disc in the center with a transverse, lobu-
late, glandular callus. Column abbreviated, rhombic, sharply 3-toothed at the
apex.

78 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

Amazonas: Prov. of Bongara, Campomiento Ingenio, Km. 300,
east of Olmos, on Rio Utcubamba, 1,250 m., Hutchison & Wright
6849. Also Venezuela (type of Fernandezia longifolia).

Ornithocephalus avicula Reichb. f . & Wullsch. ex Reichb. f ., Walp.
Ann. 6: 495. 1863. = Ornithocephalus Kruegeri Reichb. f.,
Walp Ann. 6: 495. 1863. Also Trinidad (type) and Venezuela.

Notylia conduplicans C. Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harvard
Univ. 12: 200, t. 25. 1946.= Notylia Amesii Smith & Harris, Con-
trib. Gray Herb. Harvard Univ. 117: 40, figs. H-K, 1937.

Telipogon andicola Reichb. f., Bonpl. 3: 239. 1855; Xen. Orch.
1:230, t. 97, fig. II. 1858.

Plant small but with large flowers, epiphytic, about 7 cm. or less tall. Stem
abbreviated with large adventitious roots. Leaves few (up to 10), aggregated,
oblanceolate or cuneate-ligulate, acute, sessile, up to 5 cm. long and 10 mm. broad,
chartaceous. Inflorescence short, subequaling the leaves, with the peduncle an-
cipitous; raceme abbreviated, 2- to 5-flowered. Bracts triangular, carinate. Pedi-
cel and ovary tripterous. Perianth parts wide-spreading, with flowers about 3 cm.
across, pale yellow with purple veins. Sepals oblong-ovate, acute, about 9-14 mm.
long and 4 mm. wide, wing-carinate. Petals much larger, cuneate-obovate, sub-
acute, 6- to 7-nerved, about 10-15 mm. long and nearly as wide. Lip subequal,
broadly obovate, broadly rounded to subacute at the apex, about 13-16 mm. wide,
9- to 11-nerved. Column abbreviated, very hispid, dark violet.

Lambayeque: Prov. of Chiclayo, Hacienda Taulis, Rio Taulis,
2,950 m., upstream two hours by horse and one-half hour by foot
from La Playa, Hutchison & von Bismarck 64.74- Also Ecuador
(type).

Trichoceros Tupaipi Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 33. 1876.

Piura: Prov. of Huancabamba, 12 km. above Huancabamba, on
road to Canchaque, 2,600 m., abundant around bases of Borzicactus
Humboldtii, Hutchison & Wright 6628. In this specimen the base
of the lip has a short keel in center.

Stellilabium pogonostalix (Reichb. f.) Garay & Dunsterv.
Venez. Orch. Illustr. 2: 336, t., 1961. Telipogon pogonostalix Reichb.
f. Linnaea 41: 72. 1876. Sodiroella ecuadorensis Schltr. Fedde Re-
pert. Beih. 8: 108. 1921. Cordanthera andina L. Wms., Lilloa 6: 244.
1941.

Plant small, epiphytic, about 11 cm. or less high. Stems abbreviated, caespi-
tose, entirely concealed by imbricating leaf-sheaths. Leaves several, aggregated,
distichous, elliptic-linear or linear-oblanceolate, acute, sessile, up to 30 mm. long
and 5 mm. wide. Inflorescence terminal, filiform, much surpassing the leaves,

SCHWEINFURTH: ORCHIDS OF PERU SUPPLEMENT 79

loosely racemose and few- to several-flowered above, suberect to arcuate, up to
11.5 cm. long. Flowers very small, yellow-green, with spreading segments. Dorsal
sepal ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, about 2.5-4 mm. long and 1.3-2 mm. wide.
Lateral sepals very similar. Petals oblanceolate, acute, as long as the sepals but
narrower. Lip ovate or oblong-ovate, 3-lobed at base, 2.5-5 mm. long, 2.2-3 mm.
wide across the lateral lobes; lateral lobes small to minute, dentiform to oblong-
lanceolate; mid-lobe much larger, ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute. Column
minute, with a cluster of apically stellate hairs on either side.

Cuzco: Prov. of Urubamba, Machu-Picchu, Museo de Sitio,
2,020 m., Vargas 17^3. Also Colombia (type of Cordanthera an-
dina), Venezuela, and Ecuador (types of Telipogon pogonostalix and
Sodiroella ecuadorensis) . This is a highly variable species.

Dichaea trulla Reichb. f. Beitr. Orch. Central-Am. 104. 1866.

Plant large, epiphytic. Stems aggregated, up to 45 cm. long, entirely concealed
by distichously imbricating leaf-sheaths. Leaves numerous, linear to linear-lan-
ceolate, acute, sessile, spreading, up to 9.5 (rarely 13) cm. long and 7 mm. wide,
deciduous in the lower part of the stem. Inflorescences axillary, short, 1-flowered,
with peduncle about 2.7 cm. or less long. Flowers small, fleshy. Sepals and petals
yellow-green, lip light purple (rarely all segments white). Dorsal sepal ovate,
acute, about 8.2 mm. long and 4.2 mm. wide. Lateral sepals oblong-ovate, sub-
acute, slightly longer and narrower than the dorsal sepal. Petals oblong-elliptic,
somewhat shorter and narrower than the sepals. Lip obovate in outline, from a
broadly cuneate lower half abruptly dilated into a semilunate-ovate anterior half,
acute at the rounded apex, about 7 mm. long and wide. Column minute.

Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 m., King 10100 (Flower poor).
Also Nicaragua (type), Costa Rica, Panama (as D. Powellii), Vene-
zuela, Colombia, British Guiana, Brazil, and perhaps Ecuador.

Pachyphyllum falcifolium Reichb. f., Linnaea 41: 32. 1876.

Plant small to medium-sized, about 15-25 cm. or more high, epiphytic. Stems
slender, arcuate or flexuous, sparingly branched above, 34 cm. or less long, entirely
concealed by very numerous distichous, imbricating, leaf-bearing sheaths which
are longitudinally and often transversely rugose, ciliate on the margin. Leaves
numerous, distichous, linear, falcate, conduplicate, abruptly acute, sessile, about
10-15 mm. long and 1 mm. wide in the dried specimen, commonly deciduous in the
lower portions of the stem. Racemes axillary, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves
or subequaling them, with triangular abbreviated bracts. Flowers minute. Dorsal
sepal ovate, acute, cucullate, 1-nerved, about 2 mm. long. Lateral sepals very
similar but slightly larger. Petals oblong-obovate (said to be ovate), slightly
smaller than the sepals. Lip oblong, obtuse, about 2.2 mm. long and 0.8 mm. wide,
often slightly constricted on each side above the middle, with a pair of approxi-
mate parallel keels through the lower portion. Column stout, dilated upward,
trilobulate at the apex.

Amazonas: Prov. of Chachapoyas, middle eastern Calla Calla
slopes, near Kms. 415-418 of Leimebamba-Balsas road, 2,900-

80 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 33

3,150 m., low epiphyte in moist ravine, sepals cream-color, petals
white, Wurdack 1745; Same locality, 15 km. above Leimebamba, on
road to Balsas, 2,950 m., Hutchison & Bennett 4.786, Hutchison &
Wright 5557. Also Ecuador (type).

Pachyphyllum hispidulum (Reichb. f.) Garay & Dunsterv.
Venez. Orch. Illustr. 3: 236, t., 1965. Aeranthus hispidulus Reichb.
f., Linnaea 41: 31. 1876. Orchidotypus muscoides Kranzl., Engler
Bot. Jahrb. 37: 383. 1906. Pachyphyllum muscoides (Kranzl.) Schltr.,
Fedde Repert. 15: 216. 1918. Also Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
(type of Aeranthus hispidulus}, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

Pterostemma calceolaris Garay, Caldasia 10, no. 47, 238. 1968.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose, up to 7 cm. tall. Stem strongly abbrevi-
ated. Leaves equitant, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, more or less falcate, acute o r
acuminate, articulated to imbricating sheaths at base, the blade up to 3 cm. long
and 4 mm. wide below. Inflorescences arising from the upper axils of the leaves>
filiform, up to 6 cm. long; peduncle 1- to 2-bracted; rachis of raceme 8-9 mm. long>
with floral bracts densely congested. Flowers successive, glabrous, membrana-
ceous, large for the plant. Dorsal sepal oblong-ovate, acute, 8 mm. long, 3 mm-
wide. Lateral sepals narrowly oblong-falcate, acute, distinctly longer and nar-
rower than the dorsal sepal. Petals linear, acute, lightly incurved, nearly as long
as the dorsal sepal. Lip calceoliform-subglobose, subtrilobed in front, about 6 mm.
long and broad; lateral lobules obtuse, incurved; midlobule triangular, reflexed;
disc near the apex with an erect, complanate-digitiform callus. Column low, stout,
4 mm. high.

Loreto: Vicinity of Iquitos, 100 m., on dead tree, flowers light
and dark violet, Klug 10106.

Campylocentrum polystachyum (Lindl.) Rolfe, Orch. Rev.
11: 245. 1903. Angraecum polystachyum Lindl., Bot. Reg. 26: sub
t. 68. 1840.

Plant caespitose. Stems branching with branches up to 7.6 cm. long, having
long roots from the lower part. Leaves numerous, distichous, oval, obliquely
bidentate above, coriaceous, about 2.4 cm. or less long. Spikes numerous, oppo-
site the leaves, flexuous, many-flowered, slightly longer than the leaves. Flowers
very minute. Bracts orbicular, ciliate. Sepals ciliate at base and apex. Lip sub-
orbicular, cuspidate, with a very short, globular spur.

Peru: Habitat not cited, Mathews 1905. The description was
compiled from the above cited diagnoses.

Publication 1116

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA

580. 5FB CDD1

FIELDIANA, BOTANY$CHICAGO

30112009379154